Sunday 5 May 2019

Mustafa Kamal/Questions Answers




by Wilfrid F.Castle
1. What was the attitude of the Turkish government towards the Allies after World War-I?
The attitude of the Turkish government towards the Allies was slavish. It decided to co-operate with the Allies. The king did not show any resistance. He welcomed the Allies and became loyal to them.
2. Why was Mustafa Kamal sent to Anatolia?
Mustafa Kamal was sent to Anatolia to stop the people there from fighting against the Allies. The king ordered him to crush the rebels there. He wanted to save his own government.
3. What was the reaction of the Turkish patriots to the intention of the Allies to partition the Ottoman Empire?
The reaction of the Turkish patriots was very strong. They did not accept this situation. They called the king coward and traitor. They decided to fight for the freedom of their country.
4. Write a note on Mustafa Kamal’s activities in Anatolia.
Mustafa Kamal visited different villages and towns in Anatolia. He inspired his people. He created awareness in them. He organized them. He made speeches. He made a national army to fight against the Allies.
5. Why did Mehmet order Mustafa Kamal to return to Constantinople?
Mehmet ordered Mustafa Kamal to come back because he felt afraid. He thought that his own government was in danger if Mustafa Kamal continued his freedom struggle.
6. What was Mustafa Kamal’s reply?
Mustafa Kamal gave a very historical and famous reply. He said to the king, “I shall stay in Anatolia until the nation has won its freedom”. He also asked the king to support his nation.
7. How did Mehmet try to regain Anatolia for himself?
Mehmet tried to use tricks to regain Anatolia. He tried to trap Mustafa Kamal and his followers. He invited patriots to join his new government in the capital.
8. Why did his plan fail?
His plan failed because Mustafa Kamal knew his cleverness and did not join his government. He stayed in Anatolia and continued to struggle against the Allies. Therefore, his plan failed badly.
9. What were the terms offered to Turkey by the Allies?
In May 1920, the Allies published their terms. These terms were very dangerous and insulting for Turkey. It was a plan to break Turkey to pieces. All Arab provinces were to be Mandated territories. The whole of Eastern Anatolia was to be added to the state of Armenia, Cicilia was to go to France & the Ottoman capital was to be under the control of Britain, France and Italy.
10. Give an account of the Greek attack & its defeat.
On August 21, 1921, the Greeks attacked the Turkish patriots. Both the nations fought bravely. This battle took place in the hilly area above the Sakarya River. It continued for fourteen days. At last, the Greeks were defeated and the Turks won the battle.
11. Give an account of the departure of Mehmet from Istanbul.
The end of Mehmet was very shameful. The Turks hated him. He was now ruler of his palace only. He requested the British government to save him. At last, an ambulance came to take him and he left his country for good.
Q. 12: Who is the writer of the essay “Mustafa Kamal”?
  Ans: Wilfred F. Castle is the writer of the essay “Mustafa Kamal”.

 Q. 13: What was the attitude of the Turkish government towards the allies after World War I?
  Ans: Padsha and old liberals and old liberals wanted to form a government in collaboration with the allies.

Q. 14: Why was Mustafa Kamal sent to Anatolia?
  Ans: Mustafa Kamal was sent to Anatolia to put down the rebels who were not obeying Padsha.

Q. 15: What was the reaction of the Turkish patriots to the intentions of the allies to partition the Ottoman Empire?
  Ans: They planned to rage a war against the Greeks through guerillas. They wanted to build up to the national army and temporary government in Anatolia.

Q. 16: Writer a note on Mustafa Kamal activities in Anatolia?
  Ans: Mustafa Kamal planned to rage a war against the Greeks through guerillas. He wanted to build up the national army and temporary government in Anatolia.

Q. 17: Why did Mehmet order Mustafa Kamal to return to Constantinople?
  Ans: Mehmet felt that he was working against the interest of his government.  So, he ordered him to come back at once.

Q. 18: What was Mustafa Kamal‟s reply?
  Ans: In reply to the order of the sultan of turkey, Mustafa Kamal said. “ I shall stay in Anatolia until the nation has won its independence”.

 Q. 19: What was decided by the Grand Turkish National Assembly at the end of the war?
  Ans: The Grand National Assembly of Turkey decided by the unanimous vote to abolish the Sultanate in Turkey.

Q. 20: Why did Mustafa simply the Turkish language?
  Ans: The Turkish language had many Arabic and Persian words. It was difficult to learn. Mustafa Kamal simplified the Turkish language to make it simple, easy and modern.

Q. 21: What were Mustafa views about women of the country?
  Ans: Mustafa was of the opinion that woman should have equal rights. They should be educated. They should be encouraged to take part in national progress.

Q. 22: What were Mustafa Kamal economic reforms?
  Ans: For economic reform, new roads and railways were constructed. New factures were opened. He encouraged heavy industry. The banking system was organized. He did all this without borrowing from outside.

Q. 23: What were his social reforms in the country?
  Ans: Mustafa Kamal finished old title. The people used to wear Fez: now wearing of a hat was compulsory. The veil was also abolished. Women were allowed to get a higher education.

Q. 24: What happened on the 23rd of April, 1920?
  Ans: On 23rd April 1920, the revolutionary Turkish Grand  Assembly met and elected Mustafa Kamal as the first president of Turkey.

Q. 25: Why October 1923 I famous in the history of the world?
  Ans: The 29 October 1923 is famous in the history of the world because on that day the Ottoman Empire was wiped from history and the new Turkish Republic was established.




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