CSS Zoology Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Animal Diversity-Invertebrates

• Architectural pattern of an animal, Taxonomy and phylogeny, Major subdivisions of animal kingdom.
• Animal-Like Protists: The Protozoa: evolutionary perspective, locomotion and reproduction, Protozoa of veterinary and medical importance.
• Porifera: Body wall, skeleton and water currents system. Coelenterates: Reproduction plan and alteration of generation (Polymorphism), Coral reefs.
• Platyhelminthes and Nematodes: Parasitic adaptations and medical importance. Annelids: Metamerism and ecological importance.
• Molluscs: Modification of foot, Feeding and their role in the shell fishery.
• Arthropods: Modification in their mouth parts, Role of arthropods as vectors in the transmission in microbial infection. Arthropods and their ecological importance.
• Echinoderms: Characteristics, Evolutionary perspective, Relationships to other animals; echinoderm characteristics.

II. Animal Diversity-Chordata

• Hemichordates and Invertebrate Chordates: Evolutionary Perspective: Phylogenetic Relationships and considerations.
• Fishes: Structural and functional adaptations of fishes.
• Amphibians: Movement onto land and early evolution of terrestrial vertebrates.
• Reptiles: Characteristics of reptiles, adaptations in reptilians.
• Birds: Migration and navigation, adaptations.
• Mammals: Structural and functional adaptations of mammals.

III. Principles of Animal Life

• The chemical basis of animal life: Brief introduction to bio-molecules; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
• Cell concept and cell theory, Organization of cellular organelle (their structure and functions), Central dogma of cell biology (Transcription and Translation), Meiosis and Mitosis.
• Protozoa: Reproduction pattern in protozoan, Parasitism in protozoan
• Mesozoza and Parazoa: Porifera: Cells types, body wall and skeleton and water currents system, Coelenterata: Reproduction plan and alteration of generation (Polymorphism).
• Tissues Types: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissues; organs and organ systems.
• Enzymes function and factors affecting their activity, cofactors and coenzymes. Energy Harvesting: Aerobic and anaerobic respiration the major source of ATP.
• Mendel’s law of inheritance, Chromosomal basis of inheritance, Multiple alleles, Eukaryotic chromosomes: Mutations and chromosomal aberrations.
• Ecological Concepts: Interactions, Concepts and components of ecosystem, Food chain, Food web, Biogeochemical cycles, Forests, Biomes, Wildlife conservation and management, Environmental pollution, Green house effect, Acid rain, Global warming and climate change.
• Evolution: Darwinian evolutionary theory based on natural selection and the evidence, Microevolution: Genetic variation and change within species, Macroevolution: Species and speciation (Allopatric, Parapatric and Sympatric speciation).

IV. Animal Form and Function

• Protection, Support and Movement: Integumentary system of invertebrates and vertebrates; Animal muscles: the muscular system of invertebrates and vertebrates.
• Digestion and Nutrition: Feeding mechanism, Digestion, Organization and regional function of alimentary canal, Regulation of food intake, Nutritional requirements.
• Internal Fluids and Respiration: Internal fluid environment, Composition of blood, Circulation and respiration mechanisms.
• Homeostasis: Excretion, Vertebrate kidney mechanisms, Temperature regulation.
• Nervous Coordination: Nervous system and Senses: Functional units of nervous system, Synapses junctions between nerves.
• Chemical Coordination: Endocrine System; Vertebrate endocrine glands and types of hormones, Mechanism of hormones action,
• Animal Behavior: Learning, Habituation, Insight learning, latent learning, classical learning: Control of Behavior; social behavior.

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CSS Botany Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Algae, Fungi and Bryophytes

• Phycology: Distribution, Classification, Structure, Life History and Economic importance of the main groups of Algae.
• Mycology and Plant Pathology: Structure, Reproduction, Classification and Economic importance of the main groups of Fungi. Diseases of economically important crops and general principles of their control
• Bryology: Structure and reproduction of bryophytes, Evolution of Gametophyte and Sporophyte.

II. Peteridophyta and Gymnosperms

• General account with special reference to structure, life history and affinities of both Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Ontogeny and structure of seed, classification and economic importance of Gymnosperms.

III. Anatomy and Embryology

• Primary and secondary tissues. Meristems. Secondary growth in dicot stem. Anatomy of leaf, stem and root.
• Micro and megasporogenesis, pollination mechanism, fertilization, development of Embryo and Endosperm, Seed dispersal.

IV. Taxonomy of Angiosperms

• Systems of classification. Rules of botanical nomenclature. Concepts of speciation. Introduction to modern trends in plant taxonomy: bio-systematic, chemotaxonomy and numerical taxonomy. General characters and economic importance of common angiosperm families.

V. Plant Physiology

• Plant water relations, Osmotic Quantities, component potentials of water and their role in transport, water absorption by roots, transpiration. Role of essential mineral elements and their uptake. Plant hormones. Photoperiodism, Vernalization. Dormancy and Seed germination.Enzymes.
• Photosynthesis: Plant pigments, Light reaction, CO2 fixation, Mechanism of photophosphorylation.
• Respiration: Glycolysis, Kreb cycle, Mechanism of oxidative phosphorylation.

VI. Ecology

• Influence of climatic, edaphic and biotic factors on plant growth. Vegetation sampling techniques. Concepts of ecosystems and their productivity, ecological energetics, Pyramids (of numbers, biomass and energy), trophic levels, food chains and food webs. Biogeochemical cycles (Hydrological and Nitrogen). Succession.
• Causes and reclamation of soil salinity and water logging in Pakistan. Soil erosion, its control and soil conservation methods. Deforestation. Biodiversity conservation.Pollution.

VII. Cytology

• Cell cycle, cellular morphology, chemistry of cell wall and cell membrane, cell to cell communication, plant tissue and cell culture, cell senescence and cell death.
• Ultra-structure of various cell organelles: Mitochondria, Golgi bodies, Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids, Ribosomes, Glyoxysomes, Vaculoes, Nucleus.

VIII. Genetics

• Mendelian Genetics, Multiple Alleles, Polygenic inheritance, Gene interaction, Epistasis and pleiotropy, Sex-linked inheritance, Chromosomal aberrations, Mutations, DNA repair.

IX. Evolution

• Introduction of Evolution, Evolutionary history, Evolution of life, Convergent Evolution, Divergent Evolution, Parallel Evolution and Natural selection.

X. Molecular Biology

• Nucleic acids, DNA as hereditary material, DNA replication, Transcription, Genetic code, Protein synthesis, Genetic engineering and its application, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO).

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Agriculture & Forestry

CSS AGRICULTURE & FORESTRY SYLLABUS
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part-I: Agriculture (50 marks)

I. Concept of Integrated Agriculture: Components of natural resources as bases for agriculture production (Land, Water, biological, Environmental, Solar, Energy).

II. Challenges in Pakistan’s Agriculture: Present scenario and future prospects. Analytical overview: issues and strategies for improvement of crop management, livestock management, fisheries, cottage industry, resource management and rural development. Institutions and policies: issues and options.

III. Elements of Climate and their Relationship with Crop Growth: Farming Systems, biological nitrogen fixation, soil profile, structure and texture, soil fertility, soil erosion and conservation, water logging and salinity.

IV. Genetic Improvement for Crop Production: GMO crops, Seed production technology.

V. Horticulture: Floriculture, landscaping, pests and diseases of agriculture crops and their control, integrated pest management.

VI. Rainfield and Irrigated Agriculture: Agriculture mechanization, land tenure and land reforms, role of agriculture in national economy.

Part-II: Forestry (50 marks)

• Forest, rangelands and wildlife importance and significance
• Forest management and utilization, wood based industries in Pakistan, silviculture
• Range management and utilization
• National and international forest wealth statistics
• Role of wildlife as value addition to forestry
• Forest based wildlife resources of Pakistan and their management, eco-tourism
• Forestry, agroforestry, social forestry and forest biometrics
• Socio-economic and ecological impact of man made forests
• Watershed Management and role of forests in prevailing climate change dilemma
• National forest laws and policies at national level, biodiversity & environment

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Environmental Science

CSS Environmental Science Paper Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. History of Environmental Thought
Environment and Sustainable Development, History of Environmental Movements, Industrial and Agriculture Revolution, United Nations Conference on Human Environment 1972, Our Common Future 1987, Rio Summit 1992, Agenda 21, World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002, Rio Summit-II, 2012, Millennium Development Goals.

II. Sustainable Development Issues
Population growth, Poverty, Biodiversity loss and its Conservation, Energy security (energy conservation and alternative energy resources), Urbanization and sustainable cities, Carrying capacity and ecological footprint. Food security and sustainable agriculture. Ecological restoration.

III. Interdisciplinary nature of Environmental Science
Orientation on convergence of various social and natural sciences to evolve a new discipline of environmental science: Environmental Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Physics, Environmental Microbiology, Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Economics, Environmental Geology, Environmental Geography, Environmental Biotechnology, Environmental Sociology.

IV. Environmental Pollution
Air Pollution, Water Pollution, Soil Pollution, Noise Pollution, Solid Waste, Water Logging & Salinity, Deforestation, Desertification, Eutrophication, Global and regional air pollution problems (Greenhouse effect, Global Warming/Climate Change, Ozone Depletion, Acid Rain).

V. Climate Change
Climate Pattern at local, regional and global scale. Different types of climate including tropical and mid latitude climate, polar climates. Climate change processes, Drivers and Indicators of Climate Change, Effects of Climate Change on natural and societal systems. Carbon foot print. Climate change adaptation and mitigation, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), REDD+. Global environmental politics on climate change: role of India, China and USA (Copenhagen Accord 2009).

VI. Environmental Governance
Policy, legal and institutional frameworks for governance of environment in Pakistan: National Conservation Strategy of 1992, National Environmental Policy Act of Pakistan 2005, Environmental Protection Act of 1997, Pak-EPA (Review of IEE/EIA) Regulations 2000, Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005, Pollution Charge Rules, Sample Rules, Solid Waste Management Plan 2005, Hazardous Substances Rules 2005, National Drinking Water Policy 2009, Sanitation Policy, National Climate Change Policy 2012.

VII. Global initiatives
Brief on some of the Multilateral Environmental Agreements ratified by Pakistan, Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Cartagena Protocol on Bio-safety, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), Convention on Wetlands of International Importance Especially as Waterfowl Habitat (Ramsar Convention), Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS), United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), Kyoto Protocol to UNFCCC, Montreal Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD).

VIII. Environmental Assessment and Management
Environmental Impact Assessment, Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14000), Occupational Health & Safety management systems (OHSAS 18000), Participatory Approaches to Environmental Management, Technological Approaches to Environmental Management, Approaches to Solid Waste Management, Disaster Risk Management, Pollution Control Technologies, Geographic Information System & Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Management.

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CSS Gender Studies Paper Syllabus

Gender Studies

CSS Gender Studies Paper Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Introduction to Gender Studies

• Introduction to Gender Studies
• Difference between Gender and Women Studies
• Multi-disciplinary nature of Gender Studies
• Autonomy vs. Integration Debate in Gender Studies
• Status of Gender Studies in Pakistan

II. Social Construction of Gender

• Historicizing Constructionism
• Problematizing the category of “Sex”: Queer Theory
• Is “Sex” socially determined, too?
• Masculinities and Femininity
• Nature versus Culture: A Debate in Gender Development

III. Feminist Theories and Practice

• What is Feminism
• Liberal Feminism
• Radical Feminism
• Marxist/Socialist Feminism
• Psychoanalytical Feminism
• Men’s Feminism
• Postmodern Feminism

IV. Feminist Movements

• Feminist Movements in the West. First Wave, Second Wave and Third Wave Feminism. United Nation Conferences on Women, Feminist Movements in Pakistan.

V. Gender and Development

• Colonial and Capitalistic Perspectives of Gender
• Gender Analysis of Development Theories; Modernization Theory, World System Theory, Dependency Theory, Structural Functionalism.
• Gender Approaches to Development: Women in Development (WID), Women and Development (WAD), Gender and Development (GAD); Gender Critique of Structural Adjustment Policies (SAPs).
• Globalization and Gender

VI. Status of Women in Pakistan

• Status of Women’s health in Pakistan
• Status of Women in Education
• Women and Employment
• Women and Law

VII. Gender and Governance

• Defining Governance
• Suffragist Movement
• Gender Issues in Women as Voters
• Gender Issues in Women as Candidates
• Gender Issues in Women as Representatives
• Impact of Political Quota in Pakistan

VIII. Gender Based Violence

• Defining Gender Based Violence
• Theories of Violence against Women
• Structural and Direct Forms of Violence
• Strategies to Eliminate Violence against Women

IX. Case Studies of:

• Mukhtaran Mai
• Mallala Yousaf Zai
• Shermin Ubaid Chinoy

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CSS US History Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Introduction:-

• From ancient times to 1492
• Advent of the Europeans to British supremacy (1492 – 1606)

II. USA as a British Colony (1606 – 1783)
III. USA as an Independent Country (1783 – 1819)
IV. Expansion of USA: From 13 to 50 States (1820 – 1949)
V. Constitution of the USA: Salient Features
VI. Civil War between the North and the East (1850 – 1869)
VII. Industrialization and its emergence as one of the world powers (1870 -1916)
VIII. USA’s role in the Two World Wars (1914 – 1918 & 1939 – 1945)
IX. Post 1945 world scenario and emergence of USA and USSR as the Two World Powers.
X. American Role in patronizing UNO and International Organizations 1945 – 2012
XI. American Role in Cold War and its emergence as the Sole Super Power (1945 – 1990).
XII. International Concerns of USA: An Overview.
XIII. The War on Terror: The Role of Pakistan and USA (2001 – 2012)
XIV. Global perceptions of the USA.
XV. Progressive Era: Reforms of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson,
XVI. The Great Depression and the New Deal
XVII. Civil Rights Movement
XVIII. United States’ role in International Conflicts
XIX. US Presidential Election
XX. The US Congress: Role and Functions
XXI. Separation of Powers: Check and Balances

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CSS European History Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (Marks 50)

I. The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era (1789-1815)

• The causes of French Revolution
• The consequences of Revolution
• Napoleon rise to power
• Creation of Empire
• The Continental system
• The fall of Napoleon

II. The Concert of Europe (1815-1830)

• The Congress of Vienna
• Metternich’s Era
• The Concert of Europe and Congress System
• Balance of Power

III. Forces of Continuity and Change in Europe (1815-1848)

• Nationalism
• Liberalism
• Romanticism
• Socialism
• Industrial Revolution
• Colonialism
• Cosequences

IV. The Eastern Question (1804-1856)

• The nature of the Eastern question
• The Crimean War
• Russo Turkish War 1877
• Consequences

V. Unification of Italy

• The effects of the revolution of 1848
• The obstacles to unification
• Cavour and the unification of Italy
• The Process of Italian unification (1859-1871)

VI. Unification of Germany

• The rise of Bismarck
• Diplomatic events
• The Austro-Prussian War (1866)
• The Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871)
• The triumph of Bismarck and process of unification

VII. The Origins of First World War (1890-1914)

• Formation of Alliances and Counter Alliances
• The Balkans War (1912-1913)
• The outbreak of the World War 1

Part – II (Marks 50)

VIII. The First World War and its aftermath

• The War (1914-1918) and peace treaties
• The League of Nations

IX. Dictatorships in Europe

• Fascism in Italy under Musssolini
• Hitler,Nazism and Germany
• Russia , Marxism Revolution and its working under Stalin
• Great Depression and its effects on Europe
• Appeasement
• The Arm race
• The Sudetenland Crisis (1938)
• The distraction of Czechoslovakia (1939)

X. The Second World War and its Effects on Europe

• The Main Events of the War
• Impact of war

XI. Post-War Europe

• The post war settlements
• The United Nations
• Economic Recovery of Europe, Marshal Plan
• German Question
• NATO
• Decolonization

XII. Cold War Europe (1955-1991)

• Effects of cold war
• Warsaw Pact (1955)
• The European Economic Community (EEC)
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Agreement
• Charles Degaule and France
• Spread of communist regimes in Europe

XIII. Europe (1991-2012)

• The Gorbachev and Disintegration of USSR
• The reunification of Germany
• The Balkan crisis of 1990s
• The European Union
• Role of Europe in War against terrorism
• Global Economic Crisis and Europe

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CSS British History Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (Marks 50)

I. The Glorious Revolution (1688)

• Causes, and Results
• William III and Mary II (1689-1702)
• Queen Anne (1702-1714)

II. Hanoverian Era (1714-1790)

• Jacobite Rebellions (1715 and 1745)
• Robert Walpole and Whig Oligarchy
• American War of Independence (1776)

III. The Union of England and Scotland

IV. Union of England and Ireland

V. The Old Colonial system

VI. The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

• Causes
• Britain and Napoleonic Wars
• Impact on Britain

VII. Industrial and Agricultural Revolution

• Causes
• Effects on Political and Social Life of Britain
• Party Politics
• The Methodist Movement
• Socialism
• Liberalism
• Colonization
• Chartest Movement

VIII. Robert Peel and return of Torries

• Internal policies
• Irish Problem

IX. Victorian Era (1837-1901)

• Internal Reforms
• Liberals
• Foreign Policy
• Disraeli, Gladstone and Problems in Ireland
• Great Britain and Free Trade

X. Edwardian Era (1901-1910)

• Domestic and Foreign Policies (1901-1910)
• The Origins of Labor Party

XI. Britain, World War I and its Aftermath

• Causes
• Britain and Peace settlement
• Effects of War on Britain
• League of Nations
• The Great Depression
• Appeasement and Rearmament

Part –II (Marks 50)

XII. Britain ,World War II and its Aftermath

• Causes and events
• Churchill, War Conferences
• Creation of U.N.O
• Effects of war
• Reforms of Labour Government

XIII. Great Britain and Cold War

• Creation of Common Wealth
• NATO
• Decolonization of the British Empire
• Internal Policies and EEC
• Foreign Policy

XIV. Thatcherism to Cameron (1979-2012)

• Internal Policy
• Society and culture
• Foreign Policy
• Falkland War
• John Major and his Policies
• European Common Market and the Great Britain
• Formation of EU
• Tony Blair “New Labour” Economic Crunch, War on Terror and his Policies
• Global Financial Crisis 2008 and the Great Britain
• Reforms under Cameroun

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CSS Islamic History & Culture Paper Syllabus

Islamic History & Culture

CSS Islamic History & Culture Paper Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (Marks 50)

I. Pre-Islamic Near East: An Overview

• Political, Social, Cultural, Religious and Economic Conditions in the Near East including Arabia before the dawn of Islam.

II. The Dawn of Islam: The Prophetic Age (570-632)

• Biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): A Chronology of the Major Events in his Life
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Motivator (Daa’i), Major points of his mission
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Military Leader/Strategist
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Political Leader/Head of the State

III. The Pious Caliphate (632-660)

• Caliph Abu Bakr (632-34): Apostasy Wars and Consolidation of Islam
• Caliph Umar b.Khattab (634-44): Establishment of Administrative System and Expansion of Muslim Empire
• Caliph Uthman b.Affan (644-56): Problems and Issues in the Muslim Community
• Caliph Ali b.Talib (656-660): Rise of Factionalism
• Abdication of Imam Hasan and Establishment of Umayyad Dynasty (660)

IV. Political System of Islam under the Prophet (PBUH) and the Pious Caliphate

• Nature of Islamic State
• Form of the Government
• Functions of the Islamic State
• Sovereignty of God
• Caliphate or Vicegerency of Man
• Appointment of Caliph
• Shura or the Consultative Body and its Role

V. Institutional Development of the Muslim Civilization:The Early Phase (622-660)

• Development of Law and Judiciary in Early Islam
• Administration and State Conduct
• Defense in Early Islam
• Educational System
• Propagation of Islam
• Financial Administration
• Heritage and Culture

VI. The Umayyads in Power (660-749)

• Political History of the Umayyad Dynasty
• Statecraft and Administration under the Umayyads
• Society and the Development of Arabic Literature
• Cultural Achievements

Part – II (Marks 50)

VII. The Abbasids of Baghdad (749-1258)

• The Abbasid Revolution and the Establishment of the Abbasid Dynasty
• Administrative Structure under the Abbasids
• Development of Scientific Knowledge under the Abbasids
• Muslim Philosophy under the Abbasids
• Cultural Achievements

VIII. Spain under the Muslim Rule

• Spain under the rule of the Arabs and Moors (711-1492)
• Political Fragmentation and the Fall of Granada (1492)
• Muslim Contribution in the Realm of Culture, Arts and Architecture

IX. The Crusades against Islam

• Major Encounters and Actors (1092-1228)
• Impact of the Crusades on Muslim-Christian Relations

X. The Ottoman Empire

• Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Turks (1299-1923)
• State, Society and Economy under the Ottomans
• Treatment with the Religious Minorities
• Contribution towards Culture, Arts and Architecture

XI. Sufism as an Institution of the Muslim Society

• Origin and Development of Sufism
• Contribution of the Sufis to the Muslim Civilization
• Relationship of the Sufis with the State and Political Authorities
• A Critical View of Sufism

XII. Islam and Modernity in Contemporary World

• The Emergence of Islamic Modernism
• Intellectual, Political, Economic, Social and Educational Aspects of Islamic Modernism
• Dissemination of Muslim Learning in the West

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CS History of Pakistan & India Paper Syllabus

CSS History of Pakistan & India

CS History of Pakistan & India Paper Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Muslim Rule and Heritage in India (712-1857): Political History Arrival, foundation and consolidation of Muslim rule in India, important rulers of the Slave Dynasty and the Mughals. The Spirit and legacy of Muslim civilization, Art, Architecture and literature, Public Administration under Muslim Rules. Sultans, Kings, Economic, Social, Judicial, Civil and Military system during the Muslim rule, Industry, trade and commerce under the Muslim patronage, Financial Administration.

II. British Rule in India: 1857-1947: British Imperialism, origin and growth of the East India Company, Causes and effects of downfall of the Mughal Empire in India, War of Independence in 1857:Causes and effects.

III. Constitutional and Political Reforms of the British Government (1858-1947) and growth of the Political Parties – Indian Congress

IV. Muslim Struggle for Independence: Role of Shah Wali Ullah, Syed Ahmad Shaheed and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan towards regeneration of the Muslim of South Asia, All India Muslim League, Partition of Bengal, Simla Deputation, Lucknow pact; Khilafat movement. Nahru Report Quaid-i- Azam’s Fourteen Points.

V. Pakistan Movement: Allama Iqal’s Allahabad Address 1930, and Round Table Conference. The Congress Rule in the provinces-1937-1939, Lahore Resolution 1940, various Missions and Plans for the partition of the South Asia. Founders of Pakistan: Quaid-i-Azam, Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Syed Amir Ali, Ali Brothes. Sir Agha Khan, Chaudhry Rahmat Ali, etc.

VI. History of Pakistan (1947- Todate): Pakistan’s early Challenges—Quaid-i-Azam as Governor-General, various attempts at constitution making.

VII. Military in Politics: Ayub Khan, Yahya, Zia–ul–Haq and Pervaiz Musharaf regimes, Civil Military Relationship in Pakistan,

VIII. Separation of East Pakistan: Causes and Effects,

IX. Working of Democracy in Pakistan: Liaquat Ali Khan to Firoz Khan Noon (1947 – 1958), Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Period,(1971-1977),Benazir, Nawaz Sharif ,Revival of Democracy: 1988-1999, Restoration of Democracy (2008 to date), Role of Major Political Parties and Pressure Groups in the history of Pakistan.

X. Foreign Policy of Pakistan (1947-1999)

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CSS TOWN PLANNING & URBAN MANAGEMENT SYLLABUS

Town Planning and Urban Management

CSS TOWN PLANNING & URBAN MANAGEMENT SYLLABUS
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Definition of Town Planning, Goals and objectives of Town Planning: Town Planning as a multi-disciplinary approach and relationship of Town Planning with other professions.

II. Historical Perspective of Urban Planning: Planning of historical towns in the world. Examples of planned towns in Europe, Nile Valley region, Euphrates and Tigris Valley region and Indus Valley region (Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kot Diji and Mehr Garh and Gandhara Civilization).

III. Urban Rural Differences and Hierarchy of Settlements: Urbanization and its effects on the environment of urban areas.

IV. History of planning in Pakistan: 5 year plans, Regional Plans, Master Plans etc.

V. Managing Urbanization

• How to manage urbanization
• Best Practices
• Land use classification policy
• Building and development control
• Removal of encroachments
• Introduction to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

VI. Housing community and Economic Development: To prepare professionals with the skills and knowledge of equitable development. Commitment to expanding opportunities and providing quality of life for disadvantaged groups.

VII. Public Policy and Urban Design Management: Solving social and environmental problems using:

• Economics
• Policy analysis
• Political science and
• Urban Design

VIII. Sustainability, Environmental Policy and Planning: How society conserves and manages its natural resources and works to promote development, while conserving and maintaining healthy environment.

IX. Urban Information Systems: Use of planning related software and spatial analysis tools and systems e.g. GIS, SPSS etc.

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Governance & Public Policies

CSS GOVERNANCE & PUBLIC POLICIES
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Basic Concepts of Governance:

• Origin of the term Governance
• Definition of Governance
• Definition of Good Governance
• Characteristics of Good Governance: Participation, Rule of law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Equity, Effectiveness and Efficiency, Accountability, Strategic Vision.
• Collapse/Failure of Governance: its indicators diagnostic tools & Effects

II. Governance Theories:

• Communitarianism
• Decentered Theory
• Libertarian Socialism
• Institutionalism
• Marxism
• Neoliberalism
• Rational Choice Theory
• Regulation Theory

III. Governance Indicators laid by World Bank/IMF/UNESCO/UNDP/ADB, their Explanation & Application Level in Pakistan:

• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability and Absence of Violence
• Government Effectiveness
• Regulatory Authorities & their Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption

IV. Public Policy and Planning Institutions and their role in Planning

• Institutional Framework for Policy Coordination and Planning (ECNEC, Economic Coordination Committees of the Cabinet, The Federal Cabinet, The Secretaries Committee, The Prime Minister’s Secretariat, The Planning Commission, The Finance Division, The Cabinet Division, and all Federal Ministries for their respective subjects).
• Role of Planning Commission in Policy and Planning
• Strategic Planning in Federal
• Provincial Government and Local Government
• Role of International Donors in Policy Formulation (IMF Document “Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies 2013/14 – 2015/16,” that underpins almost all public policies.)
• Public Policy and Implementation in Key Sectors (i.e., Health, Education).

V. Accountability:

• General Introduction to Accountability and its concepts(Standards, Symbolism, regional and country-wide comparisons, a Review of Contemporary Studies).
• Types of Accountability- Political Accountability, Legal/ Judicial Accountability, Administrative Accountability, Professional Accountability, Private vs. Public Accountability.
• National Strategies against Corruption and remedial measures.

VI. Bureaucracy:

• Introduction to the Concept of Bureaucracy(History, Neutrality, Steel Frame of the State, Negative Connotations Associated with the term)
• Theories of Bureaucracy (Max Weber, Marx, John Stewart Mill, Woodrow Wilson)
• Role of Bureaucracy in Pakistan (British legacy, civil-military relations, neutrality, dilution of neutrality, political allegiance, power, corrupting the incumbent, institutional degradation, constitutional guarantees, indexing of salaries with the CPI or lack thereof.)
• Public Administration and Code of Ethics (Effectiveness of the Estacode and the Code of Ethics, Comparison with other countries)

VII. Public Policy Formulation and Implementation

• The Policy Making Process: How Policies are Made (Six including diagnosis and six stages with cautions to be exercise at each stage)
• Policy Implementation & Role of Bureaucracy (Training, Pervasive Inertia and how to break it, Lack of Decision Making, Culture of postponement and delays, Lack of resources, Political interference, Ability to say “No.”)
• Policy Analysis, The Quest for Solutions (Lack of research in policy analysis, Lack of coordination among departments, secrecy, openness)
• Policy Evaluation: Assessing The Impact of Public Policy, Program EvaluationSuccess and failure of Govt.

VIII. Multi-level Governance in Pakistan:

• Legislature: National Assembly, Senate, Provisional Assemblies
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, Lower Courts
• Functioning of the offices:
• President of Pakistan,
• Prime Minister of Pakistan
• Office of Governor
• Office of Chief Minister, Federal Cabinet, Cabinet Committees, Federal Secretariat, Provincial Secretariat
• Local Government system: District Government, Zila Government, Tehsil Government, Union Administration, Its Efficacy, Performance & Causes of Success or Failure

IX. Federalism, Devolution and Decentralization

• Constituents participation in Federal Structure
• Principle of Subsidiarity in Public Service Delivery
• Decentralization Model of Kerala

X. Role of Citizens in Governance
XI. Good Governance in Islam

• Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
• Concept of Governance and its application in light of Quran; Sunnah and Fiqh.

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