Governance & Public Policies

CSS GOVERNANCE & PUBLIC POLICIES
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Basic Concepts of Governance:

• Origin of the term Governance
• Definition of Governance
• Definition of Good Governance
• Characteristics of Good Governance: Participation, Rule of law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Equity, Effectiveness and Efficiency, Accountability, Strategic Vision.
• Collapse/Failure of Governance: its indicators diagnostic tools & Effects

II. Governance Theories:

• Communitarianism
• Decentered Theory
• Libertarian Socialism
• Institutionalism
• Marxism
• Neoliberalism
• Rational Choice Theory
• Regulation Theory

III. Governance Indicators laid by World Bank/IMF/UNESCO/UNDP/ADB, their Explanation & Application Level in Pakistan:

• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability and Absence of Violence
• Government Effectiveness
• Regulatory Authorities & their Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption

IV. Public Policy and Planning Institutions and their role in Planning

• Institutional Framework for Policy Coordination and Planning (ECNEC, Economic Coordination Committees of the Cabinet, The Federal Cabinet, The Secretaries Committee, The Prime Minister’s Secretariat, The Planning Commission, The Finance Division, The Cabinet Division, and all Federal Ministries for their respective subjects).
• Role of Planning Commission in Policy and Planning
• Strategic Planning in Federal
• Provincial Government and Local Government
• Role of International Donors in Policy Formulation (IMF Document “Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies 2013/14 – 2015/16,” that underpins almost all public policies.)
• Public Policy and Implementation in Key Sectors (i.e., Health, Education).

V. Accountability:

• General Introduction to Accountability and its concepts(Standards, Symbolism, regional and country-wide comparisons, a Review of Contemporary Studies).
• Types of Accountability- Political Accountability, Legal/ Judicial Accountability, Administrative Accountability, Professional Accountability, Private vs. Public Accountability.
• National Strategies against Corruption and remedial measures.

VI. Bureaucracy:

• Introduction to the Concept of Bureaucracy(History, Neutrality, Steel Frame of the State, Negative Connotations Associated with the term)
• Theories of Bureaucracy (Max Weber, Marx, John Stewart Mill, Woodrow Wilson)
• Role of Bureaucracy in Pakistan (British legacy, civil-military relations, neutrality, dilution of neutrality, political allegiance, power, corrupting the incumbent, institutional degradation, constitutional guarantees, indexing of salaries with the CPI or lack thereof.)
• Public Administration and Code of Ethics (Effectiveness of the Estacode and the Code of Ethics, Comparison with other countries)

VII. Public Policy Formulation and Implementation

• The Policy Making Process: How Policies are Made (Six including diagnosis and six stages with cautions to be exercise at each stage)
• Policy Implementation & Role of Bureaucracy (Training, Pervasive Inertia and how to break it, Lack of Decision Making, Culture of postponement and delays, Lack of resources, Political interference, Ability to say “No.”)
• Policy Analysis, The Quest for Solutions (Lack of research in policy analysis, Lack of coordination among departments, secrecy, openness)
• Policy Evaluation: Assessing The Impact of Public Policy, Program EvaluationSuccess and failure of Govt.

VIII. Multi-level Governance in Pakistan:

• Legislature: National Assembly, Senate, Provisional Assemblies
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, Lower Courts
• Functioning of the offices:
• President of Pakistan,
• Prime Minister of Pakistan
• Office of Governor
• Office of Chief Minister, Federal Cabinet, Cabinet Committees, Federal Secretariat, Provincial Secretariat
• Local Government system: District Government, Zila Government, Tehsil Government, Union Administration, Its Efficacy, Performance & Causes of Success or Failure

IX. Federalism, Devolution and Decentralization

• Constituents participation in Federal Structure
• Principle of Subsidiarity in Public Service Delivery
• Decentralization Model of Kerala

X. Role of Citizens in Governance
XI. Good Governance in Islam

• Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
• Concept of Governance and its application in light of Quran; Sunnah and Fiqh.

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CSS Public Administration Syllabus

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Public Administration: Concepts, Approaches and Context
Definitions; Role and Scope of Public Administration in Society; Issues in Public Administration Theory and Practice: Democracy versus Bureaucracy, Politics versus Administration, Efficiency versus Equity; Core Values of Public Administration: Rule of Law, Efficiency, Equity and Fairness, Responsiveness; Traditional Public Administration; New Public Management; New Public Service; Governance Approach to Public Administration; Islamic Concept of Public Administration; Historical roots of Public administration in Pakistan.

II. Public Administration: Classical and Contemporary Theories and Concepts
Bureaucracy; Scientific Management; Human Relations Approach; Leadership, Motivation, Network Governance; Strategic Management; Public Choice Theory; Types of Organizational Structure; Organization of Federal, Provincial, and Local Government in Pakistan; Administrative Culture of Pakistan; Inter-governmental Relations at Federal and Provincial level in Pakistan.

III. Public Policy Planning, Implementation and Evaluation
Strategic Planning and Management; Planning Process; Policy Analysis; Policy Implementation; Program Evaluation; Planning Machinery; Role of Donors and International Institutions in Public Policy and Management; Policy making and implementation in Pakistan.

IV. Budgeting and Financial Management
Budget as a Policy Tool; The Budget as a Managerial Tool; Principles of Budgeting, Audit and Accounting in Government; Line-Item Budgeting; Performance Budgeting; Program Budgeting; Zero-Base Budgeting; Outcome-Based Budgeting. Planning and Budgeting in Pakistan.

V. Managing Human Resources
Spoil system versus Merit System in Public Employment; Personnel versus Human Resources Management; Close system versus Open System of Public Employment; Functions of Human Resources Management; Implementation of HRM in Public Sector: Key Issues and Challenges.

VI. Administrative Law
Meaning; Scope and Significance; Nature and Contents of Administrative Law, Administrative Ethics, Delegation of Authority and Legislation, Administrative Tribunals; Administrative Law in Pakistan.

VII. Public Management Skills
Planning; Decision Making, Conflict Management; Leading, Communication, Administrative Buffering; Managing Change; Managing Diversity; Stress Management; Delegation; Public Service Motivation; Creativity and Problem Solving; Issues of Public Management.

VIII. The Civil Service of Pakistan
Historical Background of Civil Service, The Structure of civil Service; History of Civil Service Reform; Management of Civil Service; Institutional and Cultural Context of Civil Service; Role of Civil Service in Good Governance, Gender and Civil Service.

IX. Organization of Provincial and Local Government
Governance Structure of Provincial Administration; Organization of Provincial Secretariat; Organization and Functions of Provincial Authorities and Agencies and their Relationship with Government Departments; Post-devolution Local Governance; Organization and Functions of District Government and Administration; Organization and Structure of City District Government; Issues and Challenges of Local Governance.

X. Governance and Administrative Reforms
Theories of Administrative Reforms; Types of Administrative Reforms; Privatization; Regulation; De-regulation; Decentralization; Partnerships and Collaboration; Business Re-engineering, Quality Assurance; Administrative Reform in Pakistan.

XI. Public Administration Accountability & Control
Bureaucratic Responsiveness; Representative Bureaucracy; Citizens Engagement in Public Service; Accountability & Control; Concept and Approaches to Public Accountability; Institutional Framework for Administrative Accountability; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Control over Administration; Administrative Corruption; Role of Civil Society in Good Governance; Media, Interest Groups and Civil Society Organizations; The Situation in Pakistan.

XII. Public Administration and Development
Role of Public Administration in Development; Concept of Development Administration; Difference Between Development Administration and Development Management; Changing Role of Public Administration in Development, Issues and Challenges of Public Administration in Pakistan.

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CSS Business Administration Syllabus

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Management

• Defining Organization, Management, and Management in Organizations
• Four Management Functions, Management Roles, Management Skills
• Organizational Internal-External Environment
• Management Planning, Goal Setting, and Decision Making
• Strategic Management Process: Strategy Formulation and Implementation
• Developing Organizational Structure and Design
• Designing Adaptive Organizations
• Managing Change and Innovation
• Leadership and Motivation

II. HR Management

• Role of Human Resource Management in Organizational Performance
• Functions of HRM
• Process and Methods of Job Analysis
• Planning and Forecasting Personnel Needs
• Recruitment and Selection
• Training and Development
• Performance Management and Appraisal: Methods and Processes
• Establishing Strategic Pay Plans
• Compensation and Benefits
• Ethics, Justice, and Fair Treatment in HR Management
• Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining

III. Financial Management

• An overview of Financial Management
  Introduction and significance of financial markets, Differentiation between real assets and financial assets, Types of Financial Markets, Role of capital and money markets in economic development, Organizational goals and shareholder wealth maximization perspective.
• Time Value of Money
  Cost of money and the factors effecting the cost, Interest rate fundamentals and determinants of market interest rate, Role of Time value of money in finance, Concept of future value and present value, Making timelines, Annuities, Perpetuities and mixed stream of cash flows, with and without growth, Present value and future value of cash flow streams, Compounding Interest; discrete and continuous, Loan amortization.
• Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements
  Reading the financial statements, Horizontal and vertical analysis including common size, ratio, comparative and index number trend analysis, Forecasting financials for future decision making, Evaluating credit, management, profitability, risk etc using financial statements.
• Risk, Return and Introduction to Pricing
  Measures of Risks and return, Investment return and expected rate of return, Standalone risk: standard deviation and coefficient of variation, Risk aversion and required rate of return, Portfolio risk: Diversifiable vs. Market risk, Security Market Line and CAPM, Calculating WACC, Discounting process for price determination, Relevant risk and return for valuation.
• Cash flow and Budgeting
  Significance of budgeting, Making cash budgets, Making financial forecasts, Difference between profit and cash flow, Read and analyze Statement of Cash flow.
• Capital Budgeting
  Significance of Capital budgeting, Cash flow calculations: incremental cash flows, Capital budgeting decision rules: NPV, IRR, MIRR, Return, Finding optimal capital structure, calculating appropriate discount rate, Capital Rationing.

IV. Operations and Supply Chain Management

(a) Operations Management

• Operations & Productivity
  Operations Management (OM) as one of the Three Core Functions in an Organization. Significance and contributions of OM in the field of management. Future trends in OM and differences between goods and services.
• Operations Strategy in Global Environment
  Developing mission & OM strategies, Critical Success Factors (CSF), Aligning Core Competencies with CSF.
• Process Strategy
  Four Process Strategies, Process Analysis and Design, Process Mapping, Flow Diagrams, Process Charts, Service process design, Process Re-engineering.
• Capacity Planning
  Design & Effective Capacity, Capacity Cushion, Capacity considerations, Managing demand, Capacity Planning, Leading vs Lagging Strategies, Single & Multiple Product Break Even Analysis for Capacity Planning.
• Location Strategies
  Factors Affecting Location Decisions, Methods for Evaluating Location Alternatives, Factor Rating Method, Load-Distance Methods, Center of Gravity Method, Service location Strategy.
• Layout Strategies
  Types of Layout, Layout Design, Fixed Position Layout, Process- Oriented Layouts, Office Layout, Retail Layout, Assembly Line Balancing.
• Inventory Management
  Role of Inventory in Operations, ABC analysis, Record accuracy, Cycle counting, Inventory Models, Fixed Period Systems, Continuous Review Systems, Basic EOQ Inventory Model, Safety Stock, Service Level.

(b) Supply Chain Management

• Introduction to supply chain management and logistics management
  What is supply chain management and logistics management, Objectives, Importance, Examples of supply chain management and logistics management, Decision phases in supply chains.
• Supply chain performance
  Achieving strategic fit, Challenges in achieving strategic fit, Supply chain cost, Supply chain quality, Supply chain lead time.
• Supply chain drivers
  Facilities as a driver, Inventory as a driver, Information as a driver, Transportation as a driver, Sourcing as a driver, Pricing as a driver.
• Balancing supply and demand
  Bullwhip effect, Demand collaboration, Information sharing in supply chains, accurate response strategy.
• Supply chain coordination
  Obstacles in coordination, Vendor managed inventory, Collaborative planning forecasting and replenishment, Managerial levers to achieve coordination.
• IT in supply chain management
  Role of IT in supply chain management, Customer relationship management, Supplier relationship management, Risk management in IT, Supply chain IT in practice.

V. Marketing

• Introduction to marketing
• Developing marketing strategies and plans
• Scanning the marketing environment
• Analyzing consumer markets
• Market segmentation
• Managing marketing information
• Branding
• Product life cycle
• Pricing
• Managing distribution channels
• Integrated marketing communications

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CSS Geology Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part- I (50-marks)

I. Introduction to Physical Geology
Introduction and scope of geology, its importance and relationship with other sciences; Earth as a member of the solar system: its origin, age, composition and internal structure; Introduction to rocks and minerals; Weathering and erosion; Isostasy; Geological Time Scale.

II. Stratigraphy and Paleontology
Principles of stratigraphy; Laws of superposition and faunal succession; Geological time scale with divisions; Classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units: lithostragraphic units, biostratigraphic units and chronostratgraphic units.

Introduction to fossils and their significance; Modes of fossilization; Study of morphology, range and broad classification of major invertebrate phyla; Introduction to micro fossils; Introduction to Paleobotany; Introduction and classification of major vertebrates; Introduction to micropaleontology.

III. Mineralogy
Classification of minerals; Study of internal structure; Polymorphism and isomorphism; Paragenesis; Physical and optical properties of the common silicate and non-silicate mineral groups; Introduction to crystallography: elements of symmetry, study; normal classes of crystallographic systems.

IV. Structural Geology and Tectonics
Stress-strain concepts; factors controlling the mechanical behavior of materials; Folds; Faults; Joints; Foliation: terminology, classification and relationship with bedding; Lineation; Unconformity.

Plate tectonics theory; Geological evidences for continental drift; Sea-floor spreading; Oceanic ridges; Continental rifts; Intra-oceanic islands; Hot spot and Mantle plumes; Wilson Cycle; Tectonic framework of Pakistan.

V. Petrology and Petrography
Introduction, classification and description of sedimentary rocks; origin; transportation and deposition of sediments; Texture of sedimentary rocks; Sedimentary structures, their classification, morphology and significance; Composition, origin, differentiation and evolution of magma; Classification of igneous rocks; Mode of occurrences and types of extrusive rocks; Texture and structure of igneous rocks; Introduction to metamorphism; Types of metamorphism; Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism; Metamorphic diffusion and differentiation; Metamorphism in relation to Plate Tectonics; Differentiation between metamorphism and metasomatism.

Introduction to Polarizing Microscope; Optical properties of opaque and non-opaque minerals in plane polarized light and under crossed nicol including metallic under reflected light; Description of optical properties of common rock forming minerals.

Part – II (50-marks)

VI. Introduction to Geophysics
Definition and relation of geophysics with other sciences; Classification and brief description of various branches of geophysics such as seismology, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, tectonophysics, gravimetry, geo-thermy and geodesy; Introduction to various geophysical techniques for exploration of mineral deposits, oil and gas, subsurface water and engineering works.

VII. Sequence Stratigraphy
Introduction: history, concept and significance of sequence stratigraphy; Data sources: seismic reflections, outcrops, well logs, core and seismic facies; Sea level changes: their causes and effects, accommodation, eustatic and relative sea curve; Hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic elements; Types of sequences and systems tracts.

VIII. Petroleum Geology
The nature and classification of petroleum hydrocarbons, their origin, migration and accumulation; Source sediments, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanism for oil and gas; Prospecting and exploration of oil and gas; Reservoir: characteristics, drive mechanism, energy and pressure maintenance; Secondary and enhanced recovery; Introduction to Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.

IX. Engineering and Environmental Geology
Rock and soil mechanics and its application in civil engineering; Rock mass characteristics; Geotechnical studies of rocks and soils; Geological factors and strength of rocks; Study of geological factors in relation to the construction of buildings’ foundations, roads, highways, tunnels, dams and bridges; Application of geophysical methods for site investigation; Construction materials; Mass movement: their causes and prevention.

Introduction to environmental geology; Management of natural resources; Global climatic changes; Environmental controls for erosion, desertification and coastal degradation; Geological hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, glaciers and shoreline processes; Remedial measures; Clean sources of energy; Industrial pollution, solid and liquid waste disposal, Introduction to environmental impact assessment and initial environmental examination.

X. Mineral and Energy Resources
Introduction of geological exploration/prospecting. Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur, barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building and dimension stones; Industrial rocks and minerals; Radioactive minerals and rocks; Special reference to economic mineral deposits in Pakistan.

Origin, occurrence, and depositional environments of coal; Coal constitution and its kinds; Coal rank, grade and calorific value; Coal deposits of Pakistan with reference to Thar Coal; Geothermal energy resources of Pakistan.

XI. Economic and Applied Geology
Metallic and Non-metallic mineral resources of Pakistan; Mineral-based industries. Overview of Recodec Copper; Radioactive minerals and their occurrences in Pakistan; Gemstones of Pakistan.

Geology of Reservoirs, dams, highways and tunnels; Major natural hazards and their impacts on the environment with special reference to Pakistan.

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CSS Statistics Syllabus

CSS Statistics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (50 marks)

I. Descriptive Statistics
Definition, Importance and scope of Statistics, Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Presentation of the Data, Tables, Graphs and Charts: Stem-and leaf diagram, Box and Whisker Plots. Measures of Central Tendency/location, Measures of Dispersion/Variability: Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis.

II. Basic Probability
Basic Probability Concepts, Additive and Multiplicative laws of Probability, Joint and Marginal Probabilities, Conditional Probability and Statistical Independence, Bayes’ rule. Concept of a Random Variable, Mathematical Expectations, Discrete and Continuous Random Variables, Probability Distribution, Mean and Variance of a Discrete Probability Distribution.

III. Probability Distributions
Discrete and continuous Probability Distributions. Properties, applications of Binomial, Poisson, Hyper-geometric distribution, Normal Distribution and its properties, Standard Normal Curve, Normal approximation to Binomial and Poisson distribution.

IV. Regression Analysis & Correlation Analysis
Concepts of Regression and Correlation and their application, Simple and Multiple Linear Regression (upto three variables), Estimation of the Parameters of simple regression Model, Method of least square, Inference regarding regression parameters.

Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Properties of Correlation Coefficient, Inference regarding correlation coefficient, Partial Correlation and Multiple Correlation Coefficients (upto three variables).

V. Non-Parametric Methods
Parametric versus nonparametric tests, when to use non-parametric procedures, One-sample tests: Sign test, Wilcoxan signed ranks tests, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, run test.

Tests for two related samples: sign test, run tests, chi-square test, Test for two independent samples: Mann-Whitney test, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test.

Part – II (50 marks)

VI. Sampling & Sampling Distributions
Population and Sample, Advantages of Sampling, Sampling Design, Probability & Non-Probability Sampling techniques. Brief Concepts of Simple Random, Stratified, Systematic, Cluster, Multiphase and Multistage Sampling. Non-probability sampling: Purposive, Quota Sampling, Convenience & Accidental Sampling.

Sampling with and without replacement, Application of Central Limit Theorem in Sampling, Sampling Distribution of Mean, difference between two Means, Proportion, difference between two Proportion and Variance.

VII. Statistical Inferences
Estimation: Point Estimation, Properties of a good Estimator. Interval Estimation. Interval Estimation of Single Population means and Single proportion. Difference between two means and Difference between two proportions.

Hypothesis Testing: Types of errors. Hypothesis Testing for Population Mean. Inferences for difference between Two Population Means. Inferences for the difference between Means of Two Normal Populations using Independent Samples (variances are assumed Equal) for sample size. Inference for Two Populations Mean using Paired Samples.Hypothesis testing for Single Population Proportion and difference between two population proportions. Estimation of sample size.

Analysis of categorized data. Goodness of fit tests. Contingency tables. Test of independence in contingency tables.

VIII. Design of Experiments
One-way and Two-way Analysis of Variance, Design of Experiments, Concepts of Treatment, Replication, Blocking, Experimental Units and Experimental Error, Basic Principles of Design of Experiments, Description, Layout and Statistical Analysis of Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Multiple Comparison tests (LSD test).

IX. Population Analysis & Vital Statistics
Population and Demographic Methods, Sources of Demographic data, Basic Demographic Measures, Sex Ratio, Child Women Ratio, Vital Index, Crude and Specific Birth and Death Rates, Total Fertility and Net Reproduction Rates.

Official Statistics: Statistical Systems in Pakistan, Functions of Statistics Division, Bureaus of Statistics and NADRA. The National Income, Gross Domestic Product, Saving and Wealth, Index Numbers.

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CSS Pure Mathematics Syllabus

Pure Mathematics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Section – A (40 – marks)

I. Modern Algebra

• Group, subgroups, Lagranges theorem, Cyclic groups, Normal subgroups, Quotient groups. Fundamental theorem of homomorphism. Isomorphism theorems of groups, Inner automorphisms. Conjugate elements, conjugate subgroups. Commutator subgroups.
• Ring, Subrings, Integral domains, Quotient fields, Isomorphism theorems, Field extension and finite fields.
• Vector spaces, Linear independence, Bases, Dimension of a finitely generated space. Linear transformations, Matrices and their algebra. Reduction of matrices to their echelon form. Rank and nullity of a linear transformation.
• Solution of a system of homogeneous and non-homogeneous linear equations. Properties of determinants.

Section – B (40 – marks)

II. Calculus & Analytic Geometry

• Real Numbers. Limits. Continuity. Differentiability. Indefinite integration. Mean value theorems. Taylor’s theorem, Indeterminate forms. Asymptotes. Curve tracing. Definite integrals. Functions of several variables. Partial derivatives. Maxima and minima. Jacobnians, Double and triple integration (techniques only).Applications of Beta and Gamma functions. Areas and Volumes. Riemann-Stieltje’s integral. Improper integrals and their conditions of existences. Implicit function theorem.
• Conic sections in Cartesian coordinates, Plane polar coordinates and their use to represent the straight line and conic sections. Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates in three dimensions. The plane, the sphere, the ellipsoid, the paraboloid and the hyperboloid in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates.

Section – C (20 – marks)

III. Complex Variables
Function of a complex variable; Demoiver’s theorem and its applications. Analytic functions, Cauchy’s theorem. Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor’s and Laurent’s series. Singularities. Cauchy residue theorem and contour integration. Fourier series and Fourier transforms.

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CSS Applied Mathematics Syllabus

Applied Mathematics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Vector Calculus (10%)
Vector algebra; scalar and vector products of vectors; gradient divergence and curl of a vector; line, surface and volume integrals; Green’s, Stokes’ and Gauss theorems.

II. Statics (10%)
Composition and resolution of forces; parallel forces and couples; equilibrium of a system of coplanar forces; centre of mass of a system of particles and rigid bodies; equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.

III. Dynamics (10%)

• Motion in a straight line with constant and variable acceleration; simple harmonic motion; conservative forces and principles of energy.
• Tangential, normal, radial and transverse components of velocity and acceleration; motion under central forces; planetary orbits; Kepler laws;

IV. Ordinary differential equations (20%)

• Equations of first order; separable equations, exact equations; first order linear equations; orthogonal trajectories; nonlinear equations reducible to linear equations, Bernoulli and Riccati equations
• Equations with constant coefficients; homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations; Cauchy-Euler equations; variation of parameters.
• Ordinary and singular points of a differential equation; solution in series; Bessel and Legendre equations; properties of the Bessel functions and Legendre polynomials.

V. Fourier series and partial differential equations (20%)

• Trigonometric Fourier series; sine and cosine series; Bessel inequality; summation of infinite series; convergence of the Fourier series.
• Partial differential equations of first order; classification of partial differential equations of second order; boundary value problems; solution by the method of separation of variables; problems associated with Laplace equation, wave equation and the heat equation in Cartesian coordinates.

VI. Numerical Methods (30%)

• Solution of nonlinear equations by bisection, secant and Newton-Raphson methods; the fixed- point iterative method; order of convergence of a method.
• Solution of a system of linear equations; diagonally dominant systems; the Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods.
• Numerical differentiation and integration; trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rules, Gaussian integration formulas.
• Numerical solution of an ordinary differential equation; Euler and modified Euler methods; Runge- Kutta methods.

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CSS Chemistry Paper-II Syllabus

CSS Chemistry Paper-II Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Basic Concepts of Organic Chemistry
Bonding and orbital hybridization, Localized and delocalized bonding, Inductive effect, Dipole moment, Resonance, Hyperconjugation.

II. Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Nomenclature, Physical properties, Preparation and reactions of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.

III. Chemistry of Aromatic Compounds
Benzene structure, Aromaticity, Mechanism of electrophilic substitution reaction, Activating and deactivating substituents, Effect of substituents on orientation and reactivity.

IV. Chemistry of Functional Groups
Preparation and properties of alcohols, phenols, ethers, and amines with focus on reaction mechanism and applications. Preparation and reactions of alkyl halides. Synthetic applications of Grignard reagent. Carbonyl compounds, preparations and reaction mechanism of aldehydes and ketones and their applications. Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, acidity of carboxylic acids and effect of substituents on their acidity, preparation and reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives including acid halides, acid anhydrides, esters and amides.

V. Aliphatic nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions
Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution reactions. Elimination reactions, Zaitsev rule and Hofmann rule. Competition between Substitution and elimination reactions.

VI. Stereochemistry
Molecular chirality.Types of stereoisomers. R,S configuration and E,Z designation. Optical activity, Stereoselectivity and stereospecificity. Resolution of racemic mixtures.

VII. Organic Spectroscopy
Theory, Principle, instrumentation and applications of UV/Visible, 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy and Mass spectroscopic techniques.

VIII. Biomolecules
Carbohydrates; Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, biological functions of starch, glycogen, cellulose, and cell wall polysaccharides.

Lipids; Classification and biological importance of lipids. Significance of lipids in biological membranes and transport mechanism.

Amino Acids; Classification of amino acids. Physical and chemical properties of amino acids. Biological significance.

Proteins; Classification. Properties and biological significance. Primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary structures.

Nucleic Acids; Chemical composition of nucleic acids. Structure and biological significance of nucleic acids.

Enzymes; Enzyme-substrate interactions and nature of active site, mechanism of enzyme action, kinetics of single substrate reactions, enzyme inhibition, regulatory enzymes and allosteric enzymes.

IX. Metabolism
Digestion; absorption and transport of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids. Glycolysis; citric acid cycle, gluconeogenesis, glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and photosynthesis.

Biosynthesis of triglycerides, phosphides, steroids and bile acids and ketone bodies.

Biochemical reaction of amino acids: decarboxylation, deamination, transamination and transmethylation, etc., urea cycle, creatine and uric acid synthesis.

Catabolism of nucleosides, DNA polymerases and other enzymes involves in metabolism.

X. Chemical Industries
Manufacturing and processing of sugar, cement, glass, paper, fertilizers, soap and detergents.

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CSS Chemistry Syllabus

CSS Chemistry Paper-I Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Atomic Structure and Quantum Chemistry
Electromagnetic spectrum, photoelectric effect, Bohr’s atomic model, wave and particle nature of light matter, de Broglie’s equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, wave functions and Born interpretation of wave functions, probability density, Eigen functions and Eigen values, Hamiltonian operator, Schrodinger wave equation and its solution for particle in one and three dimensional box.

II. Electrochemistry
Ions in solution, measurement of conductance and Kohlrausch’s law, mobility of ions and transport number, conductometric titrations, Debye-Huckel theory and activity coefficient, determination of activities, Redox reactions, spontaneous reactions, electrochemical cells, standard electrode potentials, liquid junction potential, electrochemical series, Nernst’s equation, measurement of pH, electrolytic cells, potentiometry, reference and indicator electrodes, fuel cells, corrosion and its prevention.

III. Thermodynamics
Equation of states, ideal and real gases, the Van der Waals equation for real gases, critical phenomena and critical constants, four laws of thermodynamics and their applications, thermochemistry, calorimetry, heat capacities and their dependence on temperature, pressure and volume, reversible and non-reversible processes, spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes, Hess’s law, The Born-Haber cycle, relations of entropy and Gibbs free energy with equilibrium constant, Gibbs Helmholtz equation, fugacity and activity.

IV. Chemical Kinetics
The rate and molecularity of reactions, Factors affecting rate of a chemical reaction, zero, first, second and third order reactions with same initial concentrations, halflives of reactions, experimental techniques for determination of order of reaction (integration, half-life, initial rate and graphical methods), collision theory, transition state theory, Arrhenius equation and rate equations of complex reactions.

V. Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
Properties of liquids, physical and chemical properties of surface, determination of surface area. Adsorption and absorption; physical adsorption and chemisorption, adsorption isotherms, Langmuir adsorption isotherm and Freundlich Adsorption isotherm. Colloids; properties, classification and preparation of colloidal systems. Surfactants, Phase rule; Gibbs equation of phase rule, one component systems, two component systems and their examples, Catalysis; homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, acid-base and enzyme catalysis.

VI. Fundamentals of Chemometrics
Sampling, significant figures, stoichiometric calculations, measurement errors, analysis of variance (ANOVA), arithmetic mean, median, mode, standard deviation/relative standard deviation, confidence limits, Gaussian distribution, least square method, Statistical tests.

VII. Separation Methods
Solvent extraction; theory of solvent extraction; solvent extraction of metals, analytical separations, multiple batch extraction and counter current distribution. Chromatography; theory of chromatography, classification and overview of chromatographic techniques (paper, thin layer, column and ion exchange chromatographies). Principle of electrophoresis and its application as separation and characterization of proteins.

VIII. Basic Inorganic Chemistry
Types of chemical bonding, ionic and covalent bonding, localized bond approach, theories of chemical bonding, valance bond theory (VBT), hybridization and resonance, prediction of molecular shapes using valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model, Molecular orbital theory (MOT) applied to diatomic molecules, delocalized approach to bonding, bonding in electron deficient compounds, hydrogen bonding, Physical and chemical properties of p-block elements with emphasis on oxygen, carbon, chlorine, silicon, nitrogen, phosphorus and some of their representative compounds.

IX. Acids and Bases
Brief concepts of chemical equilibrium, acid–base theories including soft and hard acid and base (SHAB) concept, relative strength of acids and bases, significance of pH, pKa, pKb and buffer solutions. Theory of indicators, solubility, solubility product, common ion effect and their industrial applications.

X. Chemistry of d and f-block elements
General characteristics of d-block elements, historical back ground of coordination chemistry, nomenclature and structure of coordination complexes with coordination number 2-10, Chelates and chelate effect. Theories of coordination complexes; Werner’s theory, Valence bond theory (VBT), Crystal field theory (CFT) and Molecular orbital theory (MOT). Jahn-Teller theorem, magnetic properties, spectral properties, isomerism, stereochemistry and stability constants of coordination complexes.

General characteristics of Lanthanides, occurrence, extraction and general principles of separation, electronic structure and position in the periodic table, lanthanide contraction, oxidation states, spectral and magnetic properties and uses. General characteristics of actinides, electronic structure, oxidation state and position in the periodic table, half-life and decay law.

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CSS Physics Paper-II Syllabus

CSS Physics Paper-II Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Electricity and Magnetism

• Electric field due to point charges; Gauss’ law; Electric potential; Poisson and Laplace’s equations; Dielectric medium and Polarization; Capacitance; Moving charges and resulting magnetic field; Ampere’s law; Magnetic properties of matter; Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction; Alternating current and RLC circuit; Poynting theorem and Poynting Vector. Maxwell’s equations in integral and differential form; scalar and vector potential.

II. Modern and Quantum Physics

• Waves and particles and De Broglie’s Hypothesis; Operators and quantum states; observables; time dependent and independent Schrodinger equation; angular momentum; spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field; wave mechanics; particle in a box; tunneling; one-dimensional harmonic oscillator; Heisenber’s uncertainty relationship and indeterminacy based on commutation properties of operators; Bohr’s theory and quantum numbers including electron spin; Pauli’s exclusion principle; Spectra of simple systems with one or two valence electrons; photo electric effect; Compton scattering; pair production; Lande’s g factor and Zeeman effect. Raman effect;

III. Solid State Physics

• Crystal lattice and structure, Bravais lattice, free electron model, Band theory and electron in a periodic potential, Fermi energy and density of states, n and p type semiconductors, physics of the transistor and MOSFET, dielectric properties, magnetic properties and origin of magnetism.

IV. Nuclear Physics

• Structure of Nuclei; Radioactivity, ,  and  decay; Methods of detection of nuclear radiation, Mass Sepectrometer; Accelerators; Phenomenon of fission; reactor and nuclear power; nuclear fusion and its applications; Elementary particles and their properties.

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CSS Physics Syllabus

CSS Physics Paper-I Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Mechanics

• Vectors: Dots, Cross and triple products, Gradient, divergence, curl and applications.
• Newtonian laws of motion: calculus based approach to kinematics, forces and dynamics, conservation law of energy; conservation of linear and angular momentum; Dynamics of rigid body; spin and precession; gyroscope; Gravitation; planetary motion and satellites; Kepler’s laws; centripetal forces.
• Special theory of relativity: Michelson-Morley experiment and Einstein’s postulates; Lorentz transformation; time dilation and length contraction; equivalence of mass and energy.

II. Fluid Mechanics

• Surface tension; Viscosity; Elasticity; fluid motion and Bernoulli’s theorem.

III. Waves and Oscillations, Optics

• Free oscillation with one and two degrees of freedom; forced and damped oscillations and phenomenon of resonance; Simple harmonic motion; Traveling waves and transmission of energy; Phase and Group velocity; standing waves; Basics of sound waves.
• Reflection, Refraction, Interference, Diffraction and Polarization of waves; interfero meter and Newton’s rings; Diffraction Gratings and their resolving power; spectro meters. Electromagnetic wave equation; normal and anamolous dispersion; coherence, lasers and applications.

IV. Heat and Thermodynamics

• Perfect gas, real gas and Van der Waals equation; Three Laws of Thermodynamics; internal energy; temperature; entropy; Thermal properties of simple systems; kinetic theory of gases; Maxwellian distribution of molecular velocities; Brownian motion; Transport phenomena. Classical Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics and its application; Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics.

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CSS International Relations Paper-II

CSS International Relations Paper-II Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. International Relation between two Wars

• Russian Revolution, Fascism, League of Nations, Second World War

II. Cold War

• Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
• Rise of United States and Soviet Union,
• Era of Tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of Cold War

III. Post Cold War

• End of History, Clash of Civilizations, Terrorism, Globalization, Unipolarity (New World Order) and Revival of Multi-Polarity

IV. International and Regional Organizations

• League of Nations, United Nations, Regional Organizations, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA, SAARC, SCO, OIC, ECO, WTO.
• Reforms in the United Nations, World Bank and the IMF

V. Foreign Policy of Selected Countries

• USA, Russia, China, UK, India, Pakistan and EU

VI. South Asia

• Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace processes between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and Pakistan.
• India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water Treaty; Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to people contact; Trade; and Role of civil society
• Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion and Mujahedeen; Geneva Accord; Post Cold War situation—Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation Enduring Freedom; The Bonn Process- Withdrawal

VII. Weapons of Mass Destruction

• Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
• Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear Doctrines
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime: International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear Non- Proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty; Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
• Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Cooperation for Nuclear Energy
• The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
• Militarization and Weaponization of Space.

VIII. Contemporary Issues

• Euro-Atlantic Vs. Asia Pacific: Great Power Policies
• Kashmir Issue
• Palestine Issue

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CSS International Relations Syllabus

CSS International Relations Paper-I Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Introduction

• The Definition and Scope of International Relations.
• The Nation-State System
• Evolution of International Society

II. Theories and Approaches

• The Classical Approaches-Realism and Idealism
• The Scientific Revolution-Behavioral Approach, System Approach,
• Neo-realism, Neo-liberalism
• Post-modernism, Critical Theory, Feminism, Constructivism

III. International Political Security.

• Conceptualization of security in the Twenty-First century
• Power. Elements of National Power
• Balance of Power
• Foreign Policy: Determinants, Decision Making and Analysis
• Sovereignty
• National Interest

IV. Strategic Approach to International Relation.

• War: Causation of War, Total War, Limited War, Asymmetric Warfare, Civil War, Guerilla Warfare
• Strategic Culture: Determinants of Pakistani Strategic Culture.
• Deterrence: Theory and practice with special reference to India and Pakistan

V. International Political Economy.

• Theories in IPE: Mercantilism, Economic Liberalism, and Neo- Marxism
• Theories of Imperialism, Dependence and Interdependence discourse

VI. International political community.

• Nationalism
• Internationalism
• Globalization

VII. Approaches to Peace

• Diplomacy
• International Law
• Arms Control /Disarmament and Nuclear Non proliferation Regime

VIII. International Political Institution

• United Nations
• International Monetary Fund (IMF)
• World Bank
• International Court of Justice

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