CSS European History Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (Marks 50)

I. The French Revolution and Napoleonic Era (1789-1815)

• The causes of French Revolution
• The consequences of Revolution
• Napoleon rise to power
• Creation of Empire
• The Continental system
• The fall of Napoleon

II. The Concert of Europe (1815-1830)

• The Congress of Vienna
• Metternich’s Era
• The Concert of Europe and Congress System
• Balance of Power

III. Forces of Continuity and Change in Europe (1815-1848)

• Nationalism
• Liberalism
• Romanticism
• Socialism
• Industrial Revolution
• Colonialism
• Cosequences

IV. The Eastern Question (1804-1856)

• The nature of the Eastern question
• The Crimean War
• Russo Turkish War 1877
• Consequences

V. Unification of Italy

• The effects of the revolution of 1848
• The obstacles to unification
• Cavour and the unification of Italy
• The Process of Italian unification (1859-1871)

VI. Unification of Germany

• The rise of Bismarck
• Diplomatic events
• The Austro-Prussian War (1866)
• The Franco- Prussian War (1870-1871)
• The triumph of Bismarck and process of unification

VII. The Origins of First World War (1890-1914)

• Formation of Alliances and Counter Alliances
• The Balkans War (1912-1913)
• The outbreak of the World War 1

Part – II (Marks 50)

VIII. The First World War and its aftermath

• The War (1914-1918) and peace treaties
• The League of Nations

IX. Dictatorships in Europe

• Fascism in Italy under Musssolini
• Hitler,Nazism and Germany
• Russia , Marxism Revolution and its working under Stalin
• Great Depression and its effects on Europe
• Appeasement
• The Arm race
• The Sudetenland Crisis (1938)
• The distraction of Czechoslovakia (1939)

X. The Second World War and its Effects on Europe

• The Main Events of the War
• Impact of war

XI. Post-War Europe

• The post war settlements
• The United Nations
• Economic Recovery of Europe, Marshal Plan
• German Question
• NATO
• Decolonization

XII. Cold War Europe (1955-1991)

• Effects of cold war
• Warsaw Pact (1955)
• The European Economic Community (EEC)
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Agreement
• Charles Degaule and France
• Spread of communist regimes in Europe

XIII. Europe (1991-2012)

• The Gorbachev and Disintegration of USSR
• The reunification of Germany
• The Balkan crisis of 1990s
• The European Union
• Role of Europe in War against terrorism
• Global Economic Crisis and Europe

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CSS British History Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (Marks 50)

I. The Glorious Revolution (1688)

• Causes, and Results
• William III and Mary II (1689-1702)
• Queen Anne (1702-1714)

II. Hanoverian Era (1714-1790)

• Jacobite Rebellions (1715 and 1745)
• Robert Walpole and Whig Oligarchy
• American War of Independence (1776)

III. The Union of England and Scotland

IV. Union of England and Ireland

V. The Old Colonial system

VI. The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

• Causes
• Britain and Napoleonic Wars
• Impact on Britain

VII. Industrial and Agricultural Revolution

• Causes
• Effects on Political and Social Life of Britain
• Party Politics
• The Methodist Movement
• Socialism
• Liberalism
• Colonization
• Chartest Movement

VIII. Robert Peel and return of Torries

• Internal policies
• Irish Problem

IX. Victorian Era (1837-1901)

• Internal Reforms
• Liberals
• Foreign Policy
• Disraeli, Gladstone and Problems in Ireland
• Great Britain and Free Trade

X. Edwardian Era (1901-1910)

• Domestic and Foreign Policies (1901-1910)
• The Origins of Labor Party

XI. Britain, World War I and its Aftermath

• Causes
• Britain and Peace settlement
• Effects of War on Britain
• League of Nations
• The Great Depression
• Appeasement and Rearmament

Part –II (Marks 50)

XII. Britain ,World War II and its Aftermath

• Causes and events
• Churchill, War Conferences
• Creation of U.N.O
• Effects of war
• Reforms of Labour Government

XIII. Great Britain and Cold War

• Creation of Common Wealth
• NATO
• Decolonization of the British Empire
• Internal Policies and EEC
• Foreign Policy

XIV. Thatcherism to Cameron (1979-2012)

• Internal Policy
• Society and culture
• Foreign Policy
• Falkland War
• John Major and his Policies
• European Common Market and the Great Britain
• Formation of EU
• Tony Blair “New Labour” Economic Crunch, War on Terror and his Policies
• Global Financial Crisis 2008 and the Great Britain
• Reforms under Cameroun

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CSS Islamic History & Culture Paper Syllabus

Islamic History & Culture

CSS Islamic History & Culture Paper Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (Marks 50)

I. Pre-Islamic Near East: An Overview

• Political, Social, Cultural, Religious and Economic Conditions in the Near East including Arabia before the dawn of Islam.

II. The Dawn of Islam: The Prophetic Age (570-632)

• Biography of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH): A Chronology of the Major Events in his Life
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Motivator (Daa’i), Major points of his mission
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Military Leader/Strategist
• Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a Political Leader/Head of the State

III. The Pious Caliphate (632-660)

• Caliph Abu Bakr (632-34): Apostasy Wars and Consolidation of Islam
• Caliph Umar b.Khattab (634-44): Establishment of Administrative System and Expansion of Muslim Empire
• Caliph Uthman b.Affan (644-56): Problems and Issues in the Muslim Community
• Caliph Ali b.Talib (656-660): Rise of Factionalism
• Abdication of Imam Hasan and Establishment of Umayyad Dynasty (660)

IV. Political System of Islam under the Prophet (PBUH) and the Pious Caliphate

• Nature of Islamic State
• Form of the Government
• Functions of the Islamic State
• Sovereignty of God
• Caliphate or Vicegerency of Man
• Appointment of Caliph
• Shura or the Consultative Body and its Role

V. Institutional Development of the Muslim Civilization:The Early Phase (622-660)

• Development of Law and Judiciary in Early Islam
• Administration and State Conduct
• Defense in Early Islam
• Educational System
• Propagation of Islam
• Financial Administration
• Heritage and Culture

VI. The Umayyads in Power (660-749)

• Political History of the Umayyad Dynasty
• Statecraft and Administration under the Umayyads
• Society and the Development of Arabic Literature
• Cultural Achievements

Part – II (Marks 50)

VII. The Abbasids of Baghdad (749-1258)

• The Abbasid Revolution and the Establishment of the Abbasid Dynasty
• Administrative Structure under the Abbasids
• Development of Scientific Knowledge under the Abbasids
• Muslim Philosophy under the Abbasids
• Cultural Achievements

VIII. Spain under the Muslim Rule

• Spain under the rule of the Arabs and Moors (711-1492)
• Political Fragmentation and the Fall of Granada (1492)
• Muslim Contribution in the Realm of Culture, Arts and Architecture

IX. The Crusades against Islam

• Major Encounters and Actors (1092-1228)
• Impact of the Crusades on Muslim-Christian Relations

X. The Ottoman Empire

• Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Turks (1299-1923)
• State, Society and Economy under the Ottomans
• Treatment with the Religious Minorities
• Contribution towards Culture, Arts and Architecture

XI. Sufism as an Institution of the Muslim Society

• Origin and Development of Sufism
• Contribution of the Sufis to the Muslim Civilization
• Relationship of the Sufis with the State and Political Authorities
• A Critical View of Sufism

XII. Islam and Modernity in Contemporary World

• The Emergence of Islamic Modernism
• Intellectual, Political, Economic, Social and Educational Aspects of Islamic Modernism
• Dissemination of Muslim Learning in the West

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CS History of Pakistan & India Paper Syllabus

CSS History of Pakistan & India

CS History of Pakistan & India Paper Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Muslim Rule and Heritage in India (712-1857): Political History Arrival, foundation and consolidation of Muslim rule in India, important rulers of the Slave Dynasty and the Mughals. The Spirit and legacy of Muslim civilization, Art, Architecture and literature, Public Administration under Muslim Rules. Sultans, Kings, Economic, Social, Judicial, Civil and Military system during the Muslim rule, Industry, trade and commerce under the Muslim patronage, Financial Administration.

II. British Rule in India: 1857-1947: British Imperialism, origin and growth of the East India Company, Causes and effects of downfall of the Mughal Empire in India, War of Independence in 1857:Causes and effects.

III. Constitutional and Political Reforms of the British Government (1858-1947) and growth of the Political Parties – Indian Congress

IV. Muslim Struggle for Independence: Role of Shah Wali Ullah, Syed Ahmad Shaheed and Sir Syed Ahmed Khan towards regeneration of the Muslim of South Asia, All India Muslim League, Partition of Bengal, Simla Deputation, Lucknow pact; Khilafat movement. Nahru Report Quaid-i- Azam’s Fourteen Points.

V. Pakistan Movement: Allama Iqal’s Allahabad Address 1930, and Round Table Conference. The Congress Rule in the provinces-1937-1939, Lahore Resolution 1940, various Missions and Plans for the partition of the South Asia. Founders of Pakistan: Quaid-i-Azam, Mohsin-ul-Mulk, Syed Amir Ali, Ali Brothes. Sir Agha Khan, Chaudhry Rahmat Ali, etc.

VI. History of Pakistan (1947- Todate): Pakistan’s early Challenges—Quaid-i-Azam as Governor-General, various attempts at constitution making.

VII. Military in Politics: Ayub Khan, Yahya, Zia–ul–Haq and Pervaiz Musharaf regimes, Civil Military Relationship in Pakistan,

VIII. Separation of East Pakistan: Causes and Effects,

IX. Working of Democracy in Pakistan: Liaquat Ali Khan to Firoz Khan Noon (1947 – 1958), Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Period,(1971-1977),Benazir, Nawaz Sharif ,Revival of Democracy: 1988-1999, Restoration of Democracy (2008 to date), Role of Major Political Parties and Pressure Groups in the history of Pakistan.

X. Foreign Policy of Pakistan (1947-1999)

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CSS TOWN PLANNING & URBAN MANAGEMENT SYLLABUS

Town Planning and Urban Management

CSS TOWN PLANNING & URBAN MANAGEMENT SYLLABUS
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Definition of Town Planning, Goals and objectives of Town Planning: Town Planning as a multi-disciplinary approach and relationship of Town Planning with other professions.

II. Historical Perspective of Urban Planning: Planning of historical towns in the world. Examples of planned towns in Europe, Nile Valley region, Euphrates and Tigris Valley region and Indus Valley region (Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kot Diji and Mehr Garh and Gandhara Civilization).

III. Urban Rural Differences and Hierarchy of Settlements: Urbanization and its effects on the environment of urban areas.

IV. History of planning in Pakistan: 5 year plans, Regional Plans, Master Plans etc.

V. Managing Urbanization

• How to manage urbanization
• Best Practices
• Land use classification policy
• Building and development control
• Removal of encroachments
• Introduction to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)

VI. Housing community and Economic Development: To prepare professionals with the skills and knowledge of equitable development. Commitment to expanding opportunities and providing quality of life for disadvantaged groups.

VII. Public Policy and Urban Design Management: Solving social and environmental problems using:

• Economics
• Policy analysis
• Political science and
• Urban Design

VIII. Sustainability, Environmental Policy and Planning: How society conserves and manages its natural resources and works to promote development, while conserving and maintaining healthy environment.

IX. Urban Information Systems: Use of planning related software and spatial analysis tools and systems e.g. GIS, SPSS etc.

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Governance & Public Policies

CSS GOVERNANCE & PUBLIC POLICIES
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Basic Concepts of Governance:

• Origin of the term Governance
• Definition of Governance
• Definition of Good Governance
• Characteristics of Good Governance: Participation, Rule of law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Equity, Effectiveness and Efficiency, Accountability, Strategic Vision.
• Collapse/Failure of Governance: its indicators diagnostic tools & Effects

II. Governance Theories:

• Communitarianism
• Decentered Theory
• Libertarian Socialism
• Institutionalism
• Marxism
• Neoliberalism
• Rational Choice Theory
• Regulation Theory

III. Governance Indicators laid by World Bank/IMF/UNESCO/UNDP/ADB, their Explanation & Application Level in Pakistan:

• Voice and Accountability
• Political Stability and Absence of Violence
• Government Effectiveness
• Regulatory Authorities & their Quality
• Rule of Law
• Control of Corruption

IV. Public Policy and Planning Institutions and their role in Planning

• Institutional Framework for Policy Coordination and Planning (ECNEC, Economic Coordination Committees of the Cabinet, The Federal Cabinet, The Secretaries Committee, The Prime Minister’s Secretariat, The Planning Commission, The Finance Division, The Cabinet Division, and all Federal Ministries for their respective subjects).
• Role of Planning Commission in Policy and Planning
• Strategic Planning in Federal
• Provincial Government and Local Government
• Role of International Donors in Policy Formulation (IMF Document “Memorandum on Economic and Financial Policies 2013/14 – 2015/16,” that underpins almost all public policies.)
• Public Policy and Implementation in Key Sectors (i.e., Health, Education).

V. Accountability:

• General Introduction to Accountability and its concepts(Standards, Symbolism, regional and country-wide comparisons, a Review of Contemporary Studies).
• Types of Accountability- Political Accountability, Legal/ Judicial Accountability, Administrative Accountability, Professional Accountability, Private vs. Public Accountability.
• National Strategies against Corruption and remedial measures.

VI. Bureaucracy:

• Introduction to the Concept of Bureaucracy(History, Neutrality, Steel Frame of the State, Negative Connotations Associated with the term)
• Theories of Bureaucracy (Max Weber, Marx, John Stewart Mill, Woodrow Wilson)
• Role of Bureaucracy in Pakistan (British legacy, civil-military relations, neutrality, dilution of neutrality, political allegiance, power, corrupting the incumbent, institutional degradation, constitutional guarantees, indexing of salaries with the CPI or lack thereof.)
• Public Administration and Code of Ethics (Effectiveness of the Estacode and the Code of Ethics, Comparison with other countries)

VII. Public Policy Formulation and Implementation

• The Policy Making Process: How Policies are Made (Six including diagnosis and six stages with cautions to be exercise at each stage)
• Policy Implementation & Role of Bureaucracy (Training, Pervasive Inertia and how to break it, Lack of Decision Making, Culture of postponement and delays, Lack of resources, Political interference, Ability to say “No.”)
• Policy Analysis, The Quest for Solutions (Lack of research in policy analysis, Lack of coordination among departments, secrecy, openness)
• Policy Evaluation: Assessing The Impact of Public Policy, Program EvaluationSuccess and failure of Govt.

VIII. Multi-level Governance in Pakistan:

• Legislature: National Assembly, Senate, Provisional Assemblies
• Judiciary: Supreme Court, High Courts, Lower Courts
• Functioning of the offices:
• President of Pakistan,
• Prime Minister of Pakistan
• Office of Governor
• Office of Chief Minister, Federal Cabinet, Cabinet Committees, Federal Secretariat, Provincial Secretariat
• Local Government system: District Government, Zila Government, Tehsil Government, Union Administration, Its Efficacy, Performance & Causes of Success or Failure

IX. Federalism, Devolution and Decentralization

• Constituents participation in Federal Structure
• Principle of Subsidiarity in Public Service Delivery
• Decentralization Model of Kerala

X. Role of Citizens in Governance
XI. Good Governance in Islam

• Quranic Guidance on Good Governance
• Concept of Governance and its application in light of Quran; Sunnah and Fiqh.

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CSS Public Administration Syllabus

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Public Administration: Concepts, Approaches and Context
Definitions; Role and Scope of Public Administration in Society; Issues in Public Administration Theory and Practice: Democracy versus Bureaucracy, Politics versus Administration, Efficiency versus Equity; Core Values of Public Administration: Rule of Law, Efficiency, Equity and Fairness, Responsiveness; Traditional Public Administration; New Public Management; New Public Service; Governance Approach to Public Administration; Islamic Concept of Public Administration; Historical roots of Public administration in Pakistan.

II. Public Administration: Classical and Contemporary Theories and Concepts
Bureaucracy; Scientific Management; Human Relations Approach; Leadership, Motivation, Network Governance; Strategic Management; Public Choice Theory; Types of Organizational Structure; Organization of Federal, Provincial, and Local Government in Pakistan; Administrative Culture of Pakistan; Inter-governmental Relations at Federal and Provincial level in Pakistan.

III. Public Policy Planning, Implementation and Evaluation
Strategic Planning and Management; Planning Process; Policy Analysis; Policy Implementation; Program Evaluation; Planning Machinery; Role of Donors and International Institutions in Public Policy and Management; Policy making and implementation in Pakistan.

IV. Budgeting and Financial Management
Budget as a Policy Tool; The Budget as a Managerial Tool; Principles of Budgeting, Audit and Accounting in Government; Line-Item Budgeting; Performance Budgeting; Program Budgeting; Zero-Base Budgeting; Outcome-Based Budgeting. Planning and Budgeting in Pakistan.

V. Managing Human Resources
Spoil system versus Merit System in Public Employment; Personnel versus Human Resources Management; Close system versus Open System of Public Employment; Functions of Human Resources Management; Implementation of HRM in Public Sector: Key Issues and Challenges.

VI. Administrative Law
Meaning; Scope and Significance; Nature and Contents of Administrative Law, Administrative Ethics, Delegation of Authority and Legislation, Administrative Tribunals; Administrative Law in Pakistan.

VII. Public Management Skills
Planning; Decision Making, Conflict Management; Leading, Communication, Administrative Buffering; Managing Change; Managing Diversity; Stress Management; Delegation; Public Service Motivation; Creativity and Problem Solving; Issues of Public Management.

VIII. The Civil Service of Pakistan
Historical Background of Civil Service, The Structure of civil Service; History of Civil Service Reform; Management of Civil Service; Institutional and Cultural Context of Civil Service; Role of Civil Service in Good Governance, Gender and Civil Service.

IX. Organization of Provincial and Local Government
Governance Structure of Provincial Administration; Organization of Provincial Secretariat; Organization and Functions of Provincial Authorities and Agencies and their Relationship with Government Departments; Post-devolution Local Governance; Organization and Functions of District Government and Administration; Organization and Structure of City District Government; Issues and Challenges of Local Governance.

X. Governance and Administrative Reforms
Theories of Administrative Reforms; Types of Administrative Reforms; Privatization; Regulation; De-regulation; Decentralization; Partnerships and Collaboration; Business Re-engineering, Quality Assurance; Administrative Reform in Pakistan.

XI. Public Administration Accountability & Control
Bureaucratic Responsiveness; Representative Bureaucracy; Citizens Engagement in Public Service; Accountability & Control; Concept and Approaches to Public Accountability; Institutional Framework for Administrative Accountability; Legislative, Executive and Judicial Control over Administration; Administrative Corruption; Role of Civil Society in Good Governance; Media, Interest Groups and Civil Society Organizations; The Situation in Pakistan.

XII. Public Administration and Development
Role of Public Administration in Development; Concept of Development Administration; Difference Between Development Administration and Development Management; Changing Role of Public Administration in Development, Issues and Challenges of Public Administration in Pakistan.

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CSS Business Administration Syllabus

BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

I. Management

• Defining Organization, Management, and Management in Organizations
• Four Management Functions, Management Roles, Management Skills
• Organizational Internal-External Environment
• Management Planning, Goal Setting, and Decision Making
• Strategic Management Process: Strategy Formulation and Implementation
• Developing Organizational Structure and Design
• Designing Adaptive Organizations
• Managing Change and Innovation
• Leadership and Motivation

II. HR Management

• Role of Human Resource Management in Organizational Performance
• Functions of HRM
• Process and Methods of Job Analysis
• Planning and Forecasting Personnel Needs
• Recruitment and Selection
• Training and Development
• Performance Management and Appraisal: Methods and Processes
• Establishing Strategic Pay Plans
• Compensation and Benefits
• Ethics, Justice, and Fair Treatment in HR Management
• Labor Relations and Collective Bargaining

III. Financial Management

• An overview of Financial Management
  Introduction and significance of financial markets, Differentiation between real assets and financial assets, Types of Financial Markets, Role of capital and money markets in economic development, Organizational goals and shareholder wealth maximization perspective.
• Time Value of Money
  Cost of money and the factors effecting the cost, Interest rate fundamentals and determinants of market interest rate, Role of Time value of money in finance, Concept of future value and present value, Making timelines, Annuities, Perpetuities and mixed stream of cash flows, with and without growth, Present value and future value of cash flow streams, Compounding Interest; discrete and continuous, Loan amortization.
• Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements
  Reading the financial statements, Horizontal and vertical analysis including common size, ratio, comparative and index number trend analysis, Forecasting financials for future decision making, Evaluating credit, management, profitability, risk etc using financial statements.
• Risk, Return and Introduction to Pricing
  Measures of Risks and return, Investment return and expected rate of return, Standalone risk: standard deviation and coefficient of variation, Risk aversion and required rate of return, Portfolio risk: Diversifiable vs. Market risk, Security Market Line and CAPM, Calculating WACC, Discounting process for price determination, Relevant risk and return for valuation.
• Cash flow and Budgeting
  Significance of budgeting, Making cash budgets, Making financial forecasts, Difference between profit and cash flow, Read and analyze Statement of Cash flow.
• Capital Budgeting
  Significance of Capital budgeting, Cash flow calculations: incremental cash flows, Capital budgeting decision rules: NPV, IRR, MIRR, Return, Finding optimal capital structure, calculating appropriate discount rate, Capital Rationing.

IV. Operations and Supply Chain Management

(a) Operations Management

• Operations & Productivity
  Operations Management (OM) as one of the Three Core Functions in an Organization. Significance and contributions of OM in the field of management. Future trends in OM and differences between goods and services.
• Operations Strategy in Global Environment
  Developing mission & OM strategies, Critical Success Factors (CSF), Aligning Core Competencies with CSF.
• Process Strategy
  Four Process Strategies, Process Analysis and Design, Process Mapping, Flow Diagrams, Process Charts, Service process design, Process Re-engineering.
• Capacity Planning
  Design & Effective Capacity, Capacity Cushion, Capacity considerations, Managing demand, Capacity Planning, Leading vs Lagging Strategies, Single & Multiple Product Break Even Analysis for Capacity Planning.
• Location Strategies
  Factors Affecting Location Decisions, Methods for Evaluating Location Alternatives, Factor Rating Method, Load-Distance Methods, Center of Gravity Method, Service location Strategy.
• Layout Strategies
  Types of Layout, Layout Design, Fixed Position Layout, Process- Oriented Layouts, Office Layout, Retail Layout, Assembly Line Balancing.
• Inventory Management
  Role of Inventory in Operations, ABC analysis, Record accuracy, Cycle counting, Inventory Models, Fixed Period Systems, Continuous Review Systems, Basic EOQ Inventory Model, Safety Stock, Service Level.

(b) Supply Chain Management

• Introduction to supply chain management and logistics management
  What is supply chain management and logistics management, Objectives, Importance, Examples of supply chain management and logistics management, Decision phases in supply chains.
• Supply chain performance
  Achieving strategic fit, Challenges in achieving strategic fit, Supply chain cost, Supply chain quality, Supply chain lead time.
• Supply chain drivers
  Facilities as a driver, Inventory as a driver, Information as a driver, Transportation as a driver, Sourcing as a driver, Pricing as a driver.
• Balancing supply and demand
  Bullwhip effect, Demand collaboration, Information sharing in supply chains, accurate response strategy.
• Supply chain coordination
  Obstacles in coordination, Vendor managed inventory, Collaborative planning forecasting and replenishment, Managerial levers to achieve coordination.
• IT in supply chain management
  Role of IT in supply chain management, Customer relationship management, Supplier relationship management, Risk management in IT, Supply chain IT in practice.

V. Marketing

• Introduction to marketing
• Developing marketing strategies and plans
• Scanning the marketing environment
• Analyzing consumer markets
• Market segmentation
• Managing marketing information
• Branding
• Product life cycle
• Pricing
• Managing distribution channels
• Integrated marketing communications

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CSS Geology Syllabus

Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part- I (50-marks)

I. Introduction to Physical Geology
Introduction and scope of geology, its importance and relationship with other sciences; Earth as a member of the solar system: its origin, age, composition and internal structure; Introduction to rocks and minerals; Weathering and erosion; Isostasy; Geological Time Scale.

II. Stratigraphy and Paleontology
Principles of stratigraphy; Laws of superposition and faunal succession; Geological time scale with divisions; Classification and nomenclature of stratigraphic units: lithostragraphic units, biostratigraphic units and chronostratgraphic units.

Introduction to fossils and their significance; Modes of fossilization; Study of morphology, range and broad classification of major invertebrate phyla; Introduction to micro fossils; Introduction to Paleobotany; Introduction and classification of major vertebrates; Introduction to micropaleontology.

III. Mineralogy
Classification of minerals; Study of internal structure; Polymorphism and isomorphism; Paragenesis; Physical and optical properties of the common silicate and non-silicate mineral groups; Introduction to crystallography: elements of symmetry, study; normal classes of crystallographic systems.

IV. Structural Geology and Tectonics
Stress-strain concepts; factors controlling the mechanical behavior of materials; Folds; Faults; Joints; Foliation: terminology, classification and relationship with bedding; Lineation; Unconformity.

Plate tectonics theory; Geological evidences for continental drift; Sea-floor spreading; Oceanic ridges; Continental rifts; Intra-oceanic islands; Hot spot and Mantle plumes; Wilson Cycle; Tectonic framework of Pakistan.

V. Petrology and Petrography
Introduction, classification and description of sedimentary rocks; origin; transportation and deposition of sediments; Texture of sedimentary rocks; Sedimentary structures, their classification, morphology and significance; Composition, origin, differentiation and evolution of magma; Classification of igneous rocks; Mode of occurrences and types of extrusive rocks; Texture and structure of igneous rocks; Introduction to metamorphism; Types of metamorphism; Grades, zones and facies of metamorphism; Metamorphic diffusion and differentiation; Metamorphism in relation to Plate Tectonics; Differentiation between metamorphism and metasomatism.

Introduction to Polarizing Microscope; Optical properties of opaque and non-opaque minerals in plane polarized light and under crossed nicol including metallic under reflected light; Description of optical properties of common rock forming minerals.

Part – II (50-marks)

VI. Introduction to Geophysics
Definition and relation of geophysics with other sciences; Classification and brief description of various branches of geophysics such as seismology, geomagnetism, geoelectricity, tectonophysics, gravimetry, geo-thermy and geodesy; Introduction to various geophysical techniques for exploration of mineral deposits, oil and gas, subsurface water and engineering works.

VII. Sequence Stratigraphy
Introduction: history, concept and significance of sequence stratigraphy; Data sources: seismic reflections, outcrops, well logs, core and seismic facies; Sea level changes: their causes and effects, accommodation, eustatic and relative sea curve; Hierarchy of sequence stratigraphic elements; Types of sequences and systems tracts.

VIII. Petroleum Geology
The nature and classification of petroleum hydrocarbons, their origin, migration and accumulation; Source sediments, reservoir rocks and trapping mechanism for oil and gas; Prospecting and exploration of oil and gas; Reservoir: characteristics, drive mechanism, energy and pressure maintenance; Secondary and enhanced recovery; Introduction to Sedimentary Basins of Pakistan.

IX. Engineering and Environmental Geology
Rock and soil mechanics and its application in civil engineering; Rock mass characteristics; Geotechnical studies of rocks and soils; Geological factors and strength of rocks; Study of geological factors in relation to the construction of buildings’ foundations, roads, highways, tunnels, dams and bridges; Application of geophysical methods for site investigation; Construction materials; Mass movement: their causes and prevention.

Introduction to environmental geology; Management of natural resources; Global climatic changes; Environmental controls for erosion, desertification and coastal degradation; Geological hazards such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, glaciers and shoreline processes; Remedial measures; Clean sources of energy; Industrial pollution, solid and liquid waste disposal, Introduction to environmental impact assessment and initial environmental examination.

X. Mineral and Energy Resources
Introduction of geological exploration/prospecting. Brief description of hydrocarbons, coal, gemstones, copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, chromite, manganese, salt, gypsum, bauxite, sulphur, barite, fluorite, clays, phosphorite, building and dimension stones; Industrial rocks and minerals; Radioactive minerals and rocks; Special reference to economic mineral deposits in Pakistan.

Origin, occurrence, and depositional environments of coal; Coal constitution and its kinds; Coal rank, grade and calorific value; Coal deposits of Pakistan with reference to Thar Coal; Geothermal energy resources of Pakistan.

XI. Economic and Applied Geology
Metallic and Non-metallic mineral resources of Pakistan; Mineral-based industries. Overview of Recodec Copper; Radioactive minerals and their occurrences in Pakistan; Gemstones of Pakistan.

Geology of Reservoirs, dams, highways and tunnels; Major natural hazards and their impacts on the environment with special reference to Pakistan.

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CSS Statistics Syllabus

CSS Statistics Syllabus
Total Marks: 100
Time Allowed: 3 hours

Part – I (50 marks)

I. Descriptive Statistics
Definition, Importance and scope of Statistics, Descriptive and Inferential Statistics, Presentation of the Data, Tables, Graphs and Charts: Stem-and leaf diagram, Box and Whisker Plots. Measures of Central Tendency/location, Measures of Dispersion/Variability: Measures of Skewness and Kurtosis.

II. Basic Probability
Basic Probability Concepts, Additive and Multiplicative laws of Probability, Joint and Marginal Probabilities, Conditional Probability and Statistical Independence, Bayes’ rule. Concept of a Random Variable, Mathematical Expectations, Discrete and Continuous Random Variables, Probability Distribution, Mean and Variance of a Discrete Probability Distribution.

III. Probability Distributions
Discrete and continuous Probability Distributions. Properties, applications of Binomial, Poisson, Hyper-geometric distribution, Normal Distribution and its properties, Standard Normal Curve, Normal approximation to Binomial and Poisson distribution.

IV. Regression Analysis & Correlation Analysis
Concepts of Regression and Correlation and their application, Simple and Multiple Linear Regression (upto three variables), Estimation of the Parameters of simple regression Model, Method of least square, Inference regarding regression parameters.

Correlation, Correlation Coefficient, Properties of Correlation Coefficient, Inference regarding correlation coefficient, Partial Correlation and Multiple Correlation Coefficients (upto three variables).

V. Non-Parametric Methods
Parametric versus nonparametric tests, when to use non-parametric procedures, One-sample tests: Sign test, Wilcoxan signed ranks tests, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, run test.

Tests for two related samples: sign test, run tests, chi-square test, Test for two independent samples: Mann-Whitney test, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test.

Part – II (50 marks)

VI. Sampling & Sampling Distributions
Population and Sample, Advantages of Sampling, Sampling Design, Probability & Non-Probability Sampling techniques. Brief Concepts of Simple Random, Stratified, Systematic, Cluster, Multiphase and Multistage Sampling. Non-probability sampling: Purposive, Quota Sampling, Convenience & Accidental Sampling.

Sampling with and without replacement, Application of Central Limit Theorem in Sampling, Sampling Distribution of Mean, difference between two Means, Proportion, difference between two Proportion and Variance.

VII. Statistical Inferences
Estimation: Point Estimation, Properties of a good Estimator. Interval Estimation. Interval Estimation of Single Population means and Single proportion. Difference between two means and Difference between two proportions.

Hypothesis Testing: Types of errors. Hypothesis Testing for Population Mean. Inferences for difference between Two Population Means. Inferences for the difference between Means of Two Normal Populations using Independent Samples (variances are assumed Equal) for sample size. Inference for Two Populations Mean using Paired Samples.Hypothesis testing for Single Population Proportion and difference between two population proportions. Estimation of sample size.

Analysis of categorized data. Goodness of fit tests. Contingency tables. Test of independence in contingency tables.

VIII. Design of Experiments
One-way and Two-way Analysis of Variance, Design of Experiments, Concepts of Treatment, Replication, Blocking, Experimental Units and Experimental Error, Basic Principles of Design of Experiments, Description, Layout and Statistical Analysis of Completely Randomized Design (CRD), Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Multiple Comparison tests (LSD test).

IX. Population Analysis & Vital Statistics
Population and Demographic Methods, Sources of Demographic data, Basic Demographic Measures, Sex Ratio, Child Women Ratio, Vital Index, Crude and Specific Birth and Death Rates, Total Fertility and Net Reproduction Rates.

Official Statistics: Statistical Systems in Pakistan, Functions of Statistics Division, Bureaus of Statistics and NADRA. The National Income, Gross Domestic Product, Saving and Wealth, Index Numbers.

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